System of Diwan Al-Mazalim in Islam

Abstract

The Diwan al-Mazalim is considered a judicial authority higher than that of the ordinary judge, as it addresses disputes that the regular judiciary does not handle and deals with people's complaints of injustice. Its role encompasses a blend of authority and judicial justice, with the complainant entering into judicial proceedings under the title of "Diwan al-Mazalim plaintiff." The study is divided into four sections regarding Diwan al-Mazalim, where the first section defines its origin and formation, the second section reviews its composition and jurisdiction, the third section focuses on the differences between the views of Diwan al-Mazalim and those of the regular judiciary, and finally, the fourth section presents examples of judgments issued by Diwan al-Mazalim and the extent to which the accused benefits from trial guarantees before it.