Al-Mukhtar Journal of Social Sciences (MJSSc) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal committed to the dissemination of high-quality research in the field of social sciences, published by Omar Al-Mukhtar University. Since its establishment in 2003, the journal has published original articles in Arabic, English, and French, and is issued two times per year. MJSSc welcomes contributions from global researchers and provides a cost-free platform for publishing, supporting scholarly exchange without financial or accessibility barriers. The journal is available in both electronic and print versions, with printed copies issued upon request. Open Access Policy As an open-access journal, MJSSc offers immediate and unrestricted access to all published content. Readers and institutions can read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to articles freely, ensuring that research is accessible to all without limitations. Aims and Scope MJSSc aims to promote scientific contributions across the diverse disciplines of the social sciences. The journal encourages interdisciplinary approaches and seeks to integrate various research perspectives to advance understanding in the field.
Copyright of the articles Published by Almukhtar Journal of Social Science (MJSSc) is retained by the author(s), who grant MJSc a license to publish the article. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors and cite MJSSc as the original publisher. Also, they accept the article remains published by the MJSSc website (except in the occasion of a retraction of the article).
The Military Territory in Southern Tunisia: Its Boundaries and Management Mechanisms (1881–1956)
This article explores the French campaign in southern Tunisia and its subsequent occupation. It investigates the reasons behind adopting a military system to govern the region and traces the stages of establishing this new military administration. The article also outlines the territorial boundaries of the military zone and examines its human and natural characteristics. It then focuses on the Bureaus of Native Affairs, their roles, and their authority in managing the affairs of the local population and enforcing the French colonial agenda. The study concludes by addressing the bureaus’ violations of the locals’ rights, their control over everyday life, and the responses of the local population demanding the abolition of the military zone and the integration of the south into the system of civil administration, as was the case in other regions of the Tunisian Kingdom.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fayçal Jamil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring Learning Styles Awareness in Libyan English Language Classrooms
Learning styles are the methods by which learning achieved effectively. Styles of learning along with multiple intelligences have been studied as important variables that affect the education process. The aim of this study is to analyze the teaching techniques and strategies that the Libyan English language teachers used and their relation to the learning styles. This study examines 10 fifth grade primary schools’ teachers in Albaidah city from different schools. Qualitative method was chosen to gather data through instrument namely observation. The purpose of using observation is to find out what learning style Libyan EL teachers utilize commonly and what are their implications on learning achievement. The findings of this research revealed a preference for teaching tactics that coincided with the instructors' dominant learning styles, which were mostly visual approaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rabab Aldarasi, Marah Abubaker (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Requirements for implementing the Six Sigma methodology to improve the quality of operations in Libyan higher education institutions
This paper explores the Six Sigma methodology with a focus on its applicability for improving process quality in higher education institutions. The study highlights the concept of Six Sigma, its key features, and its various applications, emphasizing the growing necessity and importance of adopting modern approaches in higher education to enhance processes and services. The successful implementation of Six Sigma in universities depends on fulfilling essential requirements, including human, organizational, and technological prerequisites.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sadina Gabriel Ghaith, Dakhil Ali Dakhil, Hussein Salem Saeed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The multifaceted role of Andalusian judges through the lens of Al-Muraqaba al-‘Ulya fīman Yastaḥiq al-Qaḍāʾ wa-l-Futyā by Abū al-Ḥasan al-Nabāhī
This study examines the multifaceted role of Andalusian judges through the lens of Al-Muraqaba al-‘Ulya fīman Yastaḥiq al-Qaḍāʾ wa-l-Futyā by Abū al-Ḥasan al-Nabāhī. It explores their contributions across three key domains: scientific, social, and economic. Scientifically, the judges engaged in teaching, authorship, scholarly travel, and intellectual debate. Socially, they combated heresies and moral corruption, contributed to charitable efforts, supervised endowments and orphan affairs, and promoted virtue through public guidance. Economically, they played a role in regulating markets, managing public resources, and responding to economic crises through religious leadership and legal rulings. The study adopts a narrative-analytical approach and relies primarily on al-Nabāhī’s work, alongside other biographical sources. It concludes that the Andalusian judge was not merely a legal functionary, but a scholar, reformer, and social guide who exercised substantial influence in all aspects of public life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Warda A. Abdul Hamid, Faraj Omar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Marvelous Characters in Al-Faqih's Novels
This study explores the role of marvelous characters in shaping the narrative events in the works of the author Al-Faqih, and how their presence enriched the narrative structure, while also investigating their origins. The research's significance stems from offering a fresh perspective on Al-Faqih's literary output, highlighting the marvelous world—a prominent artistic theme in his literature that has not received sufficient in-depth study. Furthermore, this research connects Al-Faqih's work to Arab and local heritage, contributing to the revival of aspects of this tradition. The study reveals the interconnectedness of these characters: jinn are linked to sorcerers as their servants, and some Muslim jinn aid righteous saints. These characters are also connected to transformed beings, as jinn, by means of sorcerers, often transform humans into animals, while righteous saints restore the transformed to their original forms. Marvelous characters are also associated with animals; certain animals are sought as offerings for sorcerers or to expel evil spirits. Al-Faqih masterfully utilized these characters to create a marvelous narrative that evokes anxiety and confusion, transporting the reader from the familiar to the extraordinary.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arej khattab, Sulayman jadullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"Preliminary Report on the Training Excavations at the Balagrae Settlement During the Spring Seasons of 2018 and 2019."
This report deals with the archaeological training excavations at the Balaghrai site during the spring 2018 and spring 2019 seasons, the purpose of which was to train the students of the Department of Archaeology on scientific archaeological detection, and how to document the archaeological objects and architectural structures revealed by the excavation work, according to the methodology of single-content excavation, and to train them on documentation by writing, drawing and photographing, which resulted in Writing these two reports documenting the architectural structures, archaeological deposits, collecting finds such as pottery and coins, trying to date them, and linking them with the revealed walls and architectural structures and the stratigraphic sequence represented in Trench H2, and comparing them with what was found in previous excavations, especially the excavations of Sidi Akhrebesh, we concluded from this that the site of these excavations reflects the historical periods from the beginning of the first century BC to the fifth century AD. This site also shows the stages of recovery during the first century to the middle of the second century AD, and the relapse by monitoring the natural disasters represented by the earthquake of 262 AD and the devastating earthquake that occurred in 365 AD, then the continuation of settlement after the middle of the fourth century until the middle of the seventh century AD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammed T. Hassan, Fathallah Al-Haddad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Similarities and differences between the architectural elements of Byzantine churches in the Cyrenaica region
This study deals with the church buildings that were built in the Cyrenaica region during the Byzantine Empire in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. These buildings are considered early examples of churches. This study relied on excavation reports and archaeological surveys conducted on churches that had not been excavated. The research methodology was to compare the architectural elements in these buildings and the building materials techniques. The results of this research are that the building materials were local, except for the marble and wood used in the ceilings, which were imported from the Mediterranean basin. The mosaic floors inside the churches were most likely laid by technicians who came from outside the region and trained the local church technicians. Also, the number of churches built east of Wadi al-Kuf were more than those built west of it. It can be concluded from the size of the rural churches and the amount of decoration in them that the economic situation in the region was prosperous during the fifth and sixth centuries AD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed ebrahim Mohamed, Mohamed Abdrbba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Date Palm Cultivation in the Jaghbub Oasis: Prerequisites and Obstacles, 2023
This study is based on an attempt to shed light on palm cultivation in the Jaghbub Oasis and to identify the prerequisites that contribute to this and to identify some of the obstacles that negatively affect it, the most important of which is the absence of government support for this craft with the farmer's inability to cover the costs of cultivation in light of his limited income, which resulted in the neglect of palm trees and thus they became vulnerable to diseases and pests that spread corruption in the palm tree As for the climatic factors in the oasis, they are considered among the most important factors that positively affect palm cultivation. From this standpoint, the study recommends greater attention to the agricultural sector and appropriate support from the government to make the palm tree one of the most important economic resources in the country, especially since the palm fruit has a very great nutritional value.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abu Ubaidah Huwail, Abu Bakr Saad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Party Conflict in Cyrene during the Republican Era and its Effects on the Region
The Greek cities in Greece witnessed a development in their political systems. Some of them had a system that moved from monarchy to aristocracy to democracy, as happened in the city of Athens. Others had systems whose development was limited only to the king and the aristocrats, i.e. a monarchy-aristocracy, as happened in the city of Sparta. The city of Cyrene in Libya inherited this political development in its constitutions from monarchy to aristocratic and democratic, then returned again to the rule of aristocrats only. This development was caused by the political parties and the conflict between them, which had a great impact on the future of the city of Cyrene and its region. The political development in the city-state of Cyrene was limited to the transition from monarchy to aristocratic rule, while the democratic system failed miserably in managing the city's governance, unlike the aristocrats who had political experience. This research relied on the narrative, analytical, and comparative approaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Modallah Mansor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Libyans and the Challenge of Human Rights
In recent years the concept of human rights has been used more often. Civil society organizations, active lawyers and policy makers have been more concerned with human rights all over the world. This paper will review the meaning of this term and the historic which followed until it was approved as a global term with more talk about human rights in Islam. It will also review social theories associated with this term and basic principles agreed that must be earned by each individual. This paper will also shed light on the violation of human rights in Libya. The paper will be based on reports of international organizations for human rights. Finally, what Libyans must do to obtain their rights and how to protect and preserve these rights in the future?
Copyright (c) 2025 Azza Boghandora (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Iconoclasm began during the reign of Emperor Leo III in (717-741 A.D), who issued a decree in (726 AD) prohibiting the worship of icons, and requiring the removal of statues represented in religious images such as images of Jesus and Mary, as well as the prohibition of worshiping images of saints and crosses from churches, monasteries and Houses. The Iconoclasm did not stop with the death of Leo III, but continued during the reign of his successors.it seems that Iconoclast controversy did not affect the Orthodox Church only, but also permanently influenced relations between the Byzantine and Rom (Catholic Church). This paper investigates the first period of Iconoclasm, which ended with the Second Council of Nicaea in 787A.D, and after which it called the new period of Iconoclasm. This paper also clarifies although the idea of the conflict was religious, in essence it was a conflict between the emperors and the church, a conflict from which the Emperor Leo III and his successors sought control of the church.
Copyright (c) 2025 Intisar Hazawi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Benefits of Collaborative Leaning to Enhance Student-Centered Approach on Reading Comprehension
This study aims to investigate the benefits of implementing the Collaborative Learning Strategy, it also aims to examine whether the Collaborative Learning Strategy could enhance Student-Centered approach on Reading Comprehension. This research employed both quantitative and qualitative research design as a mode of inquiry. The data were collected through using testing, observation, and questionnaire. Additionally, the quantitative data were analyzed using the software program SPSS and the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis theory. Thirty students of English Language Department at University of Derna in their first year participated in the study. The results revealed that the experimental group students, who were instructed using the Collaborative Learning Strategy, had improved in their levels. The research findings also indicated that the Student-Centered Approach could be enhanced in some way.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salah A Adam, Albatool Gheitas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Abstract: This research aims to approach terminology from a cognitive perspective It will be divided into two main sections: theoretical and applied. In the theoretical part, we traced the transformation of the term from a linguistic unit to a specialized knowledge unit. In the applied part, the term "character" in literary and narrative dictionaries was an example of this. We concluded that viewing a term as a knowledge unit does not negate any definition of the term, regardless of how its meaning varies with the contexts in which it appears or how its meaning has evolved over time. We concluded that a cognitive approach to terminology is a way to solve the problem of multiple concepts and multiple terms, especially if this approach is applied computationally.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nawara M. Aqila Akasha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The opinion of the mujtahid and its effect on rulings
This research deals with one of the things that afflict the human soul in levels of suspicion, and the third demand dealt with the focus of this research, which is the effect of suspicion on Islamic rulings. It was determined through this research that suspicion has multiple meanings through the use of this word in the Qur’an and Sunnah, and that what is meant by suspicion among jurists is what is less than certainty, so that the mujtahid is overcome by the correctness of what he went to, and by following perceiving things, which is suspicion and its relationship to deriving rulings, explaining the confusion that some people have fallen into as a result of their misunderstanding of the Qur’an’s use of this word, and how scholars of jurisprudence have employed it in deriving many jurisprudential rulings. This was through an introduction, three demands, and a conclusion. The first demand discussed the nature of suspicion and its types, while the second demand was about the the sources of jurisprudential rulings, it became clear that many jurisprudential rulings are based on suspicion. If we abandon this approach, many jurisprudential rulings that were built on the preponderance of suspicion would be lost.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miftah Al-Hamziyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The City of Derna in French and British Writings (1706–1811)
This research aims to study the city of Derna in the writings of the French and the English (1706-1811 AD), This is achieved by identifying the geographical and civilizational characteristics that made Derna a destination for European travelers, as well as identifying the first French exploratory voyages to the city, and then identifying the most important of which is without the captain of the English fleet, (Edward Blaquiere) about the city. The research has concluded several results, perhaps the most important of which is the confirmation of the French start in discovering the details of the city of Derna for the Europeans through the journey of the French (Claude Le Maire) in 1706 AD.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Ubaidullah, Abdul Hamid Amghounen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Science as a Psychological Approach: A Critical Analytical View of Science in its Psychological Dimensions
This research aims to shed light on the psychological dimension in scientific practice. The core issue (research problem) was represented in the following question: Is science an activity conducted according to strict mechanical rules (adhering to the scientific method and achieving the goals of understanding and explanation), such that it cannot be viewed outside of this framework, or are there other psychological dimensions that influence this practice, thereby forming another perspective through which science can be understood? The researcher addressed this topic in an introduction, three sections, and a set of conclusions. The first section is titled: "Psychological Motivations in the Structure of Scientific Practices.". The second section: "Psychological Barriers to Practicing Science." The third section: "Psychological Conflicts.". The researcher arrived at several conclusions, generally crystallizing in the idea that science has additional psychological (mental) dimensions that go beyond its method (the scientific method) and its goals (understanding, explanation, prediction, control, and regulation). These dimensions represent an angle through which scientific practices can be viewed, thus providing an approach for understanding the essence of science.
Copyright (c) 2025 Saleh Nyan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Intercultural Awareness and Competence into the English Syllabus: A Curricular Program for Omar Al-Mukhtar University Students
<span class="NormalTextRun SCXW232371997 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="p2" data-ccp-parastyle-defn="{"ObjectId":"92d025eb-ef5e-40b0-8f82-ffdd88a2bc98|23","ClassId":1073872969,"Properties":[201342446,"1",201342447,"5",201342448,"3",201342449,"1",469777841,".AppleSystemUIFont",469777842,"Times New Roman",469777843,"游明朝",469777844,".AppleSystemUIFont",201341986,"1",469769226,".AppleSystemUIFont,Times New Roman",268442635,"26",469775450,"p2",201340122,"2",134233614,"true",469778129,"p2",335572020,"1",469778324,"Normal"]}">This research study is aimed at developing an English curriculum and materials for university students based on the Intercultural Language Learning model (IcLL) to enhance students' cultural awareness and Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC). This study, therefore, aims to discover the level of students' intercultural competence and awareness before and after integrating ICC into the curriculum of an English-speaking course designed for English department students. The quantitative data was collected from pre- and post-ICC questionnaires, while the qualitative data was obtained from students' focus-group interviews which address students' attitudes and perceptions of learning about their own culture and diverse cultures in this increasingly globalized world. The findings of this study showed significant changes in students' levels of ICC after the implementation of the intercultural curricular program.
Intercultural Communicative Competence (IC)
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadejah Abuarrosh, Rudaina Momen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Challenges in Developing Listening Skills in English as a Foreign Language Learning
Reading, speaking, listening and writing are generally known as the fundamental abilities of acquiring a second foreign language, with listening being the most important. To communicate, most language learners aim to master one of the four primary language skills and use the language successfully. According to some language learners, Practice and improvement are necessary to master listening, which is one of the hardest abilities. Thus, this study's primary goal was to investigate second language learners' difficulties regarding their listening skills. Therefore, the present study examined listening comprehension problems in a sample of Libyan English learners. Students' perceptions of problems in listening to spoken content were reviewed to improve their oral perception and comprehension skills in the future. A questionnaire on listening comprehension problems was used, and 56 Libyan students provided data. The study results demonstrated that Libyan students had many listening problems. This not only affected their language learning performance but also their overall academic performance. Based on these findings, these recommendations were made to EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners in Libya, foreign language teachers, text designers, and program.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fathia Othman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Agnosticism between Omar Khayyam and Elia Abu Madi: A Comparative Study
Poetry has a great role in expressing poets' thoughts as well as their feelings, hence the philosophy of many poets was manifested in their works. Omar Khayyam is considered one of those famous Eastern poets whose works were heavily loaded with his philosophical ideals, which influenced a large number of poets of different times and cultures. Khayyam’s ideology appears to be in affiliation with other agnostic poets, such as the Lebanese poet Elia Abu Madi in his poem ‘Talismans.’ This research adopts analytical and interpretive approaches to study agnosticism in Khayyam and Abu Madi. We conclude that both poets highlighted their agnostic ideas in their poetry, however, it was broader and more apparent in Khayyam’s than that in Abu Madi’s. For example, Khayyam’s poetry touched on the divine self, Heaven and Hell. As a result, Khayyam resorted to wine to get rid of his confusion regarding every existential matter that confronted him. Abu Madi, on the other hand, seeked refuge in nature to clarify his doubts and reduce the burden of confusion he experienced. This research aims to focus on the confusion of both poets regarding existential matters, which was not previously addressed in the articles that dealt with the two poets. The research also works on clarifying their thoughts on the one hand, and bringing them closer together on the other hand, in order to focus on comparative studies between these two cultures.
Copyright (c) 2025 Buthaina Shemous (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Libyan EFL University Students’ Perceptions on Scrabble and Word Ladder Games as Boosters to English Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention: A Follow-Up Study
Following a previous study by Tuati (2024) measuring the effectiveness of Scrabble and Word Ladder Games on reading comprehension and critical thinking, this study surveys student perceptions on their participation in these games as learning tools for vocabulary acquisition and retention before, during, and after gameplay. Findings indicate that most students find the games enjoyable and motivating, with notable long-term retention and more self-confidence in vocabulary use. The findings also report students’ readiness to reuse such games for learning EFL. The study highlights the importance of engagement in vocabulary learning and suggest improvements for future implementations of game-based learning in EFL classrooms. Finally, the study affirms that while vocabulary acquisition and retention are evident, sustained vocabulary knowledge requires reinforcement activities beyond gameplay.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadia Tuati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Issue of Happiness as an Ethical Theory among Islamic Philosophers
Happiness is one of the most important and most important topics that approach the human reality, as a happy person will inevitably grow properly and sound mentally, psychologically, and morally, but we find that they differ in the ways they seek it and search for it, some of them seek it through material desires and others find it through worship and obedience to God and good deeds, while others find it in theoretical reflection and self-transcendence, it is the subject of happiness is an integral part of the philosophy of morality, happiness can only exist for a virtuous person, and man cannot strive for a virtue without his goal being to reach happiness and tranquility of the soul. Happiness cannot exist except for the virtuous man, and man cannot strive for virtue without his goal being to reach happiness and heartfelt tranquility, hence the research centered on the nature of happiness as a moral theory among the philosophers of Islam, an attempt to prove the existence of an integrated ethical pattern among some philosophers of Islam that addresses a set of concepts such as happiness, will, choice, pleasure, and virtue.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rajab Ali Aqili (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effectiveness of e-management in facilitating the educational process during the Corona pandemic crisis: A case study of public administra-tion at Omar Al-Mukhtar University.
This study came to shed light on the reality of electronic administration at Omar Al-Mukhtar University in general, and to identify its role in facilitating the educational process in light of the Corona pandemic crisis, and its effectiveness in achieving its goals, and determining and the study relied on the case study approach, and the study community is represented by all employees in the university administration, numbering (63) male and female employees, and one of the most important results is that the Corona crisis caused major negative effects on the educational process on colleges and administration in general, and the crisis was sudden and there was no preparation for such a type of crisis, in addition to the lack of a local electronic network linking the administration offices to the university, as well as the lack of cadres specialized in information technology, and this indicates the need for the general administration of Omar Al-Mukhtar University for employees specialized in information technology and network and Internet skills, as the imposition of quarantine and the suspension of study has negatively affected education, especially applied fields such as medicine, health and sciences by a high percentage and to a high degree of 39%, and the study recommended the necessity of developing the infrastructure and switching to the electronic system and training employees and faculty members on the new electronic system to overcome this type of crisis and come out with the least losses at the educational level
Copyright (c) 2024 Ibtisam Rizq Amnisi, Idris Rizq Amnisi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Libyan oboe, and the Libyan religious influences in Thesmophoria and Bacchic rituals in Greece
This research is concerned with studying the Libyan origins of the oboe, and its role in religious rituals of the great goddess, who was known as the mother of the gods, which were transferred from Libya to Greece and Asia Minor, As her own beliefs and rituals were transmitted with her. where the goal is to reveal the similarities between Libyan and Greek civilization, and to investigate the Libyan presence in Greece and Asia Minor. The study relied on the historical analytical approach, relying on sources, comparing them and examining them. The study reached important results, most notably: that the Libyan oboe was the first instrument known to humanity, as its history is estimated at about 100 thousand years BC., and that its invention was motivated by its use in the rituals of the marriage of the mother goddess. And From Libya, the oboe transferred to Phrygia, Thrace and Crete, then to Greece itself, and with it the worship of fertility and abundance. This transfer took place first by direct migration from Libya to Greece, and second by Greek visitors who made a pilgrimage to Libya to learn more about this belief.
Copyright (c) 2024 Salem Younis Abd-El-Kareem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work environment, Job Load of married woman, and their ef-fect on marital compatibility: A field study of working women in public Hospitals in the City of Benghazi
The current study aims to identify the effect of work environment, married woman’s job load on marital compatibility from their view points, as well as their awareness of the level of marital compatibility of working woman at public hospitals in Benghazi. Moreover, the study aims to identify the relationship between work environment, woman’s job load and marital compatibility. The study utilized a random simple sample, as well as descriptive and analytical methods, a questionnaire was used as tool for data collection. The study’s evidence show that the marital compatibility level was high, and there was a correlation between work environment and marital compatibility of working women in Benghazi public hospitals. At the same time, the evidence showed that there was no correlation between job load of working married women and marital compatibility in public hospitals in the city of Benghazi.
Copyright (c) 2024 Basma Omran Almisraty (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Syntactic Errors in Prepositional Phrases Made by English Major Students in Written Composition at Omar Al-Mukhtar University
This study investigates the syntactic errors in prepositional phrases made by fourth-year English department students at Omar Al-Mukhtar University in written compositions. To promote the effective use of prepositional phrases, participants were tasked with writing a description of their ideal weekend. The collected data was analyzed using the Surface Structure Taxonomy (SST) to categorize the types of syntactic errors. Additionally, the sources of these errors were examined through the lens of interlanguage theory. The findings revealed that misformation errors were the most prevalent, accounting for 50% (18 instances) of the total errors identified. Omission errors followed closely, representing 36.11% (13 instances), while addition errors constituted 13.89% (5 instances). Notably, misordering errors were absent, recorded at 0%. These results highlight the challenges faced by students in mastering prepositional phrases, underscoring the need for targeted instructional strategies to enhance their grammatical proficiency.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmed Almabrouk, Rabab Aldarasi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linking with the conditional tool in Surat Yusuf, A grammatical and semantic study
The phenomenon of linking has recently received the attention of researchers, and they have elaborated on it based on their reliance on the descriptive method in studying language, and it has been devoted to independent discussions and studies, and they found in it the most important aspect of what is known as (text grammar) It is a modern expression given to a field of research whose goal is to understand aspects of grammatical coherence, and its influence extends beyond the single sentence to a long or short series of sentences, in order to clarify the links that connect one sentence to another to provide the text with its formal and semantic coherence.
Copyright (c) 2024 Samira Bin Amour (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proportionality in ending the verses with the beautiful names and attributes, An applied rhetorical study on Surat Al-Hadid
The Holy Qur’an is a miraculous book in its wording and meaning, and it is an overflowing spring. Whenever scholars stand on one side of it and think that they have reached its end, many aspects open up for them, and it becomes clear to them that they are standing on its shore. Therefore, every day scholars discover new faces of the miracles of the Holy Qur’an. The most complete of these aspects is the graphic miracle in every word of the Qur’an, indeed, in every verse and surah of His verses and surahs, and one of the types of this miracle is “the proportionality in the endings of the verses” and their relationship to the subject of the verse. The analytical method was employed in this study in order to reach the desired goal, taking Surat Al-Hadid as a field of study, Which reached a number of results, including: One of the most wonderful forms of the eloquence of the Qur’an and its miraculous organization is the proportionality between the meanings at the end of the verses, as they are closely linked to what came before them, providing a foundation for what comes after them and witnessing that this Qur’an is from the Wise and All-Knowing.
Copyright (c) 2024 Amal Musa Abdel-Bari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Autonomous learning among private and pubic learners
In this article we first provide a theoretical background to our study by explaining the most important concepts of our research; this is followed by a description of the data collection procedures. Next, we present our hypothetical model of motivational factors, self-regulatory strategies, and autonomous learning behavior and show how the data provide support for our conceptualization of the interaction of these constructs. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and pedagogical implications of the findings of our study. Autonomous learning will be dealt with in this paper by discussing some crucial elements that ought to exist in this process, for learners to develop an inner instinct to learn autonomously. Another important perspective in this paper is comparing a private learning setting to a public learning setting, in order to figure out the elements that aid learners in each setting to improve their responsibility towards their learning autonomously. Learners are usually not used to the concept of learning autonomously, in that respect they need a certain setting with appropriate tools and aids, with an open mentality on both sides; the teacher and learner to adapt this learning process.
Copyright (c) 2024 Najah Ibraheem Aldrisee (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cioran's philosophy between aphorism and misunderstanding
The research aims to define the general framework of Cioran's philosophy and his prose style of writing, as a model for contemporary philosophical writings, which tend towards ambiguity and exalt misunderstanding, to show that this type of ideas and this style of writing are the result of fundamental and major changes faced by contemporary philosophers, from the multiplicity of problems and the speed of life events and the orientation towards the daily and direct, which ultimately produced texts that are difficult to classify due to their lack of commitment to classical philosophical doctrines and language
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdullah Omran (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Difficulties That Facing EFL learners Of Second and Third Year of English Department at Omar Almukhtar University in Translating Idiomatic Expressions
Translation is the process of converting an original text written from the source language to a text written in the other language, so translation is a transfer of civilization, culture and thought. Translating idiomatic expressions is a difficult and complex process that requires the student not only to control the languages transmitted to them, but also to have a cultural sense in both languages. This research revolves around the difficulties facing by libyan learners at Omar Almukhtar university in translating idiomatic expressions. The aim of the study is to investigate the type of difficulty that students face while translating expressions and trying to propose solutions that may help in reduce these difficulties. The mixed method of the study necessitated the use of a descriptive approach to describe the phenomenon under investigation and a statistical program SPSS used to describe and evaluate the data collected from the questionnaire. The results show that Libyan students face challenges in translating idiomatic expressions from English to Arabic, as evidenced by the varied responses in the observation test. Also, Literal translations indicate a lack of understanding of idiomatic meanings and cultural context. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions to help students overcome the challenges they face in translating idiomatic expressions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Adam Mohammed Abdelkadir, Fahema Mustafa Ahmed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0