Treaty in the year 672 AH - 1272 AD between the Hafsid Sultanate and the Geno-ese Republic and its impact on trade exchange between them

Abstract

This paper discusses one of the important treaties signed between the Hafsid state and Genoa in the 13th century AD, specifically in the year 1272. The treaty was signed by the Genoese ambassador Obizzo D'Alardo and the Hafsid judge of Tunis, Mohammed ibn Ali, and the customs commander Abu Asim. The treaty had a duration of ten years. The Genoese diplomacy exhibited a high level of experience and astuteness, enabling them to conclude such important agreements for themselves and their merchants. Through these agreements, they obtained numerous privileges that allowed them to import and export essential goods, especially strategic ones, to and from the Hafsid state. Consequently, they achieved financial gains that enabled them to develop their city and pay attention to it, transforming it into a major commercial center. The treaty addressed various issues related to the safety of Genoese traders in the Hafsid kingdom. It also discussed the taxes imposed on their goods and tackled the issue of piracy, which constantly hindered trade between the two parties. The treaty outlined measures for punishing the perpetrators of piracy and covered other topics that readers will find in this paper.