A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Anti-hyperglycemic Activity of Callistemon citrinus(Curt): HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Its Association with the Biological Activity of Phytochemical Constituents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54172/65pxww67Keywords:
Callistemon citrinus ; Phytochemical ; Phenolic Compounds ; HPLC-DAD chromatogram ; Blood glucoseAbstract
Hyperglycemia is a main metabolic disorder associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and plays a critical role in the growth of serious complications, including cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, and renal dysfunction. In current years, increasing attention has been directed toward natural products with low toxicity as alternative or complementary therapeutic agents, particularly medicinal plants rich in bioactive compounds capable of modulating glucose homeostasis. Callistemon citrinus is known as aappreciated source of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, compounds known for their antioxidant properties and their ability to inhibit carbohydrate-digesting enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase.The current study aimed to characterize the phytochemical fingerprint of C. citrinus leaf extract using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to evaluate its antihyperglycemic activity, and to explore the relationship between chemical composition and biological efficacy. Phenolic compounds were extracted using an aqueous–methanolic solvent system and identified through comparison with authenticated reference standards. In vitro assays were conducted to assess the inhibitory effects of the extract against α-amylase and α-glucosidase at different concentrations.HPLC analysis resulted in the separation and identification of nine major phenolic compounds, with quinic acid being the predominant constituent, accounting for 56.1% of the total phenolic content. The extract exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, reaching 82% inhibition at the highest tested concentration, while α-amylase inhibition reached up to 70%. Correlation analysis revealed a strong connotation between the high phenolic content, particularly quinic and cinnamic acids, and the observed enzyme inhibitory activity.
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