Diseases and Epidemics in al-Andalus from the 2nd to the 9th Hijri Century: A Historical Study of Their Effects and Repercussions

Abstract

This study examines the diseases and epidemics that afflicted al-Andalus during the period extending from the 2nd to the 9th century AH / 8th to 15th century CE, viewing them as a historical phenomenon with profound impact on various aspects of life. Like other Islamic and European centers, al-Andalus experienced successive waves of deadly diseases such as plague, smallpox, and leprosy, which left clear marks on its demographic, social, economic, and cultural structures. The research seeks to analyze the repercussions of these epidemics on demographic balance and their role in shaping urban transformations, in addition to their effects on economic activity. It also highlights the role of medical institutions and the contributions of prominent physicians in advancing medical and therapeutic practices. Furthermore, the study emphasizes Andalusi society’s response to these crises through preventive and precautionary measures implemented by the authorities, as well as recourse to traditional medicine. Drawing upon a wide range of historical sources, the research aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the nature of these health crises and their multiple consequences, ultimately offering a fresh perspective on the relationship between epidemics and the major political and civilizational transformations that marked the history of al-Andalus.