Energy-Harvesting IoT Networks for Smart Farming Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54172/k0mpe749Keywords:
IoT, smart agriculture, energy harvesting, LoRaWAN, autonomous sensing, low-power systemsAbstract
Sustainable agriculture increasingly relies on autonomous sensing systems capable of long-term operation in remote and resource-constrained environments. This paper presents an energy-harvesting IoT network for smart farming applications that combines solar power management, MPPT-based charging, LiFePO4 battery storage, adaptive duty cycling, and LoRaWAN communication. The proposed architecture is designed to reduce maintenance requirements while maintaining reliable field data acquisition for soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH, and water-level monitoring. The manuscript strengthens the technical discussion of the power subsystem, communication layer, sensor calibration procedure, and data-flow process, and it defines the key validation metrics required for evaluating agricultural IoT deployments, including power consumption, battery autonomy, packet delivery ratio, latency, and energy per transmission. In addition, a qualitative comparison with representative LoRaWAN-based agricultural IoT systems is included to position the proposed architecture against related approaches. The study is presented as a design, implementation, and technical-verification contribution, while comprehensive long-term field measurements are identified as a dedicated extension of the work.
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