Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Profiling of Crude Extracts from Senna alexandrina

Ahmed Ali  Mustafa; Haifa A. A.  Omer; Ahmed Saeed  Kabbashi; Doaa R.  Zahran

doi:10.54172/tdg2b571

Authors

Ahmed Ali Mustafa Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Gezira, Wad-madani, Sudan Author
Haifa A. A. Omer Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan Author
Ahmed Saeed Kabbashi Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Libya Author
Doaa R. Zahran Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Egypt Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54172/tdg2b571

Keywords:

Senna Alexandrina, Antimicrobial Activity, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolics

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the biological activities and chemical characterization of crude extracts from Senna alexandrina. The plant extracts were prepared by sequential maceration of dried leaf powder using solvents of increasing polarity. Their antimicrobial activity was tested against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) utilizing the disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was measured by evaluating the scavenging of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical. Chemical characteristics such as total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were determined through spectrophotometric assays. Overall, the extracts showed stronger antifungal than antibacterial properties. Methanol and n-hexane extracts demonstrated significant antifungal activity with zones of inhibition measuring 25mm for C. albicans and 18mm for A. niger, respectively. The methanolic extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli with a 13mm zone of inhibition. It also exhibited the highest scavenging radical activity at 56%. Total polyphenolics were predominantly found in the ethyl acetate extract, reaching 136.8 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram. Flavonoids were most abundant in the ethyl acetate extract with 499.33 mg quercetin equivalent per gram. Except for the methanolic extract of S. alexandrina, all extracts lacked tannins. In conclusion, this plant has potential as a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds.

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