Desertification

Abstract

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects many countries around the world. Historically, ancient civilizations were familiar with this phenomenon, but what is notable in the 20th century is its accelerated spread, especially in recent decades. Its various names are related to its expansion and spread in areas that have suitable environmental and climatic conditions for human, animal, and plant life, particularly in desert and semi-desert regions characterized by fragile and unstable ecosystems. Desertification is a significant and harmful problem for many countries worldwide, especially those experiencing dry, semi-arid, or even humid climatic conditions. It transforms fertile areas into impoverished regions with limited plant and animal life, and this can be attributed to either human behavior or climate changes. Soil is a vital component greatly affected by desertification since it forms the foundation for agriculture and animal life. Over time, soil is shaped by climatic factors, temperature, moisture, and wind, in addition to human interventions through various agricultural practices such as irrigation, drainage, and fertilization.