Epidemiological Criteria and Management of Pediatric Inpatients with Community-acquired Pneumonia at Tobruk Medical Center/Libya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54172/wes60s26Keywords:
Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Epidemiological Criteria, Tobruk Medical Center-LibyaAbstract
The clinical manifestations of pneumonia obtained outside of a hospital setting are known as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Pneumonia is the most frequent infectious cause of child mortality worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological criteria of community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric inpatients from 29 days to under 18 years, as well as the management and consequences of the condition. Data from the admission records of 365 patients with CAP, ages 29 days to under 18 years old, were gathered for the retrospective study, these patients made up 15.9% of hospital admissions. The M/F ratio was 1.2:1, with 198 (54.2%) male patients, predominantly infants, 221 (60.5%) (p<0.001), and mostly came from Tobruk 311(85.2%). Most cases were in Winter 170 (46.6%). Patients admitted to the intensive care unit had longer hospital stays 3.5 days on average. There were no deaths among the patients, and of those who required an intensive care unit (84 patients, 23%), 30 patients required an oxygen supply by using a nasal cannula and without the requirement for mechanical ventilation. The most often given intravenous antibiotic in 291 cases (79.7%) was cefotaxim (Claforan), whereas penicillin was used in 173 cases (47.4%). We conclude that Infants were the predominant age group that developed CAP and required PICU admission, with a higher incidence throughout the winter months.
References
Abdullah Almouslli, Ali Alriz, Bernard Khazem 2020. Causes and treatment of pneumonia in chil-dren in Damascus Hospital. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3686844/v1
Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, Alverson B, Carter ER, Harrison C, et al 2011. The manage-ment of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:e25–76. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir531.
Cristiano Alicino, Chiara Paganino, Andrea Orsi, Matteo Astengo, al et 2017.
The impact of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on hospitalization for pneumonia in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis, volume 35, Issue 43, 13 Oc-tober 2017, El sevier.
Harris M., Clark J., Coote N, 2011. British thoracic society guidelines for the management of com-munity acquired pneumonia in children: update. Thorax. 2011;66(Suppl 2):ii1–ii23.
Julia E Clark, Donna Hammal, David Spencer, Fiona Hampton, 2006. Children with pneumonia: how do they present and how are they managed? BMJ 2006.
Jain S, Self WH, Wunderink RG, Fakhran S, Balk R, Bramley AM et al (2015) Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 373(5):415–427.
Kaplan SL et al (2015) Multicenter surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from middle ear and mastoid cultures in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Clin Infect Dis 60(9):1339–1345.
Katherine M Murdoch, Biswadev Mitra, Stephen Lambert, Bircan Erbas, 2014. What is the seasonal distribution of community acquired pneumonia over time? A systematic review, Australas Emerg Nurs J, Feb 2014.
Messinger AI et al (2017) Management of pediatric community acquired bacterial pneumonia. Pe-diatr Rev 38(9):394–409.
Morris SK, Moss WJ, Halsey N (2008) Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine use and effectiveness. Lancet Infect Dis 8(7):435–443.
Mortadha H Kreeb Al-Dalfi, Shrouk Abdulrazak, and Ali Kadhim Al-Rubaye 2023. The severity of pneumonia and its association with socio-demographic factors among children under five years old in Wasit governorate hospitals, Iraq, J Public Health Africa.
Nair H, Simões E, Rudan I, Gessner B, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Zhang J, et al 2013. Global and re-gional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010. a systematic analysis. Lancet 381(9875):1380–1390.
Noha Fadl, , Ayat Ashour & Yasmine Yousry Muhammad 2020. Pneumonia among under-five children in Alexandria, Egypt: a case-control study , Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
O’Brien KL, Wolfson LJ, Watt JP, Henkle E, Deloria-Knoll M, McCall N et al (2009) Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global esti-mates. Lancet 374(9693):893–902.
Rim Tannous Raymond N Haddad, Paul-Henri Torbey, 2020. Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatrics: Adherence to Clinical Guidelines. Frontiers Pediatrics J.
Sultan Albuhairi a, Muhammad Asad Farhan b, Sami Alanazi c, et al May 2020. Antibiotic Pre-scribing Patterns for Hospitalized children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in a Sec-ondary Care Center. Journal of Infection and Public Health.
Samia Hamouda, Karima Chraiet, et al, 2016. Community-acquired pleuropneumonia in children: Bacteriological and therapeutic challenges, Tunis. Med. 2016 Apr;94(4):290-297.
Tiago Neves Veras, Gleisver Sandim, Kali Mundim et al, January 2011. Epidemiological profile of pediatric inpatients with pneumonia, Scientia Medica 20(4).
Vivi Ninda Sutriana, MPH, Mei Neni Sitaresmi, MD, PhD, and Abdul Wahab, Dr, MPH, 2021. Risk factors for childhood pneumonia: a case-control study in a high prevalence area in In-donesia. Clin Exp Pediatr , v.64(11).
World Health Organization, 2022. Pneumonia in children. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumoniaAccessed November 11,
Watt JP, Wolfson LJ, O’Brien KL, Henkle E, Deloria-Knoll M, McCall N et al, 2009. Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. Lancet 374(9693):903–911.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ghamela S. S. Ali, Fouziyah Jabullah, Salmi Boujaylah, Areej Alkasih, Abdullah Alshamikh Abdullah (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of the articles Published by Almukhtar Journal of Science (MJSc) is retained by the author(s), who grant MJSc a license to publish the article. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors and cite MJSc as the original publisher. Also, they accept the article remains published by the MJSc website (except in the occasion of a retraction of the article).
