Epidemiology and Outcome of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children in the Tobruk Area, Libya

• Ghamela S.S Ali

  Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tubruk University, Libya.

  Author

• Hawa H Greish

  Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tobruk University, Libya

  Author

• Fathy .A.A Abdolmejed

  Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tobruk University, Libya.

  Author

Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, usually caused by an acute viral illness. It is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in children younger than 2 years. The aim of this study is to analyze the hospital incidence of acute bronchiolitis in children aged 2 months up to 2 years, to assess the relation, the severity of the disease to age, gender, season, family history of atopy, and to assess the treatment and outcome. The retrospective study collected the data from the admission records of patients. 198 admissions for acute bronchiolitis represented 14.6% of hospital admission rates. Most in ages between 2-6 months 128 (64.6%). Female: Male ratio 1.1:1, female patients 102 (51.5%). The history of Atopy in the family was positive in 136 (68.7%) of patients. The disease was not severe as only 27 (13.6%) were admitted to PICU, and only 3 (1.6%) of them needed mechanical ventilation, in addition to there being no mortalities. Most cases were in winter 81 (40.9%) (P-value 0.02). All patientsreceived Salbutamol nebulizer, 47 (23.7%) received hydrocortisone injection (IV), and 45 (22.7%) received Ipratropium bromide nebulizer. Acute Bronchiolitis is an important cause of admissions in infants, especially under the age of 6 months.

Ahmad, S., Aamir, S., Ahmad, S. (2013). Acute bronchiolitis in children. The Professional Medical Journal, 20(05), 707-712.

Al-Shehri, M. A., Sadeq, A., & Quli, K. (2005). Bronchiolitis in Abha, South-west Saudi Arabia: viral etiology and predictors for hospital admission. West African journal of medicine, 24(4), 299-304.

Boyce, T. G., Mellen, B. G., Mitchel Jr, E. F., Wright, P. F., & Griffin, M. R. (2000). Rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among chil-dren in Medicaid. The Journal of pedi-atrics, 137(6), 865-870.

Deshpande S., & Northern V. , (2003). The clinical and health economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease among children under 2 years of age in a defined geographical area. Arch Dis Child J. 88(12): 1065–106.

Fleming, D. M., Pannell, R. S., & Cross, K. W. (2005). Mortality in children from influenza and respiratory syncytial vi-rus. Journal of Epidemiology & Com-munity Health, 59(7), 586-590.

Green, C. A., Yeates, D., Goldacre, A., Sande, C., Parslow, R. C., McShane, P., Pol-lard, A. J., & Goldacre, M. J. (2016). Admission to hospital for bronchiolitis in England: trends over five decades, geographical variation and association with perinatal characteristics and sub-sequent asthma. Archives of disease in childhood, 101(2), 140-146.

Hasegawa, K., Tsugawa, Y., Brown, D. F., Mansbach, J. M., & Camargo, C. A. (2013). Trends in bronchiolitis hospi-talizations in the United States, 2000–2009. Pediatrics, 132(1), 28-36.

Kliegman, Stanton, ST.Geme, Schor, Beh-rman (2011). Respiratory System. Nel-son Textbook of Pediatrics: 19th ed. 1456-1459. Elsevier Publication.

Mendes-da-Silva, A., Gonçalves-Pinho, M., Freitas, A., & Azevedo, I. (2019). Trends in hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in Portugal: 2000–2015. Pulmonology, 25(3), 154-161.

Murray, J., Bottle, A., Sharland, M., Modi, N., Aylin, P., Majeed, A., Saxena, S., & Group, M. f. N. I. (2014). Risk factors for hospital admission with RSV bron-chiolitis in England: a population-based birth cohort study. PloS one, 9(2), e89186.

Øymar, K., Skjerven, H. O., & Mikalsen, I. B. (2014). Acute bronchiolitis in infants, a review. Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 22(1), 1-10.

Ralston, SL., Lieberthal, AS., Meissner, HC., et al (2014). Clinical Practice Guide-line: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. Pediatrics J;134(5):1474–1502

Shay DK., Holman RC., Newman RD, Liu LL, Stout JW, and Anderson LJ (1999). Bronchiolitis-associated hospitaliza-tions among US children, 1980–1996. JAMA.;282(15):1440–1446.

Sommer, C., Resch, B., & Simões, E. A. (2011). Suppl 2: Risk Factors for Se-vere Respiratory Syncytial Virus Low-er Respiratory Tract Infection. The open microbiology journal, 5, 144.

Stockman, L. J., Curns, A. T., Anderson, L. J., & Fischer-Langley, G. (2012). Respira-tory syncytial virus-associated hospi-talizations among infants and young children in the United States, 1997–2006. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 31(1), 5-9.doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31822e68e6

Trefny, P., Stricker, T., Baerlocher, C., & Sennhauser, F. (2000). Family history of atopy and clinical course of RSV in-fection in ambulatory and hospitalized infants. Pediatric pulmonology, 30(4), 302-306.

Willson, D. F., Landrigan, C. P., Horn, S. D., & Smout, R. J. (2003). Complications in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis or respiratory syncytial virus pneumo-nia. The Journal of pediatrics, 143(5), 142-149.

• PDF

Copyright of the articles Published by Almukhtar Journal of Science (MJSc) is retained by the author(s), who grant MJSc a license to publish the article. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors and cite MJSc as the original publisher. Also, they accept the article remains published by the MJSc website (except in the occasion of a retraction of the article).