International Visions and Attitudes Towards Reforming and Developing the Main Organs of the United Nations - (Security Council – General Assembly)

Authors

  • Tawfiq Saleh Ali Libyan Academy - Benghazi Author
  • Hassan Boubakr Ali Faculty of Economics/University of Benghazi Author
  • Khalid Khamis Al-Sahati Faculty of Economics/University of Benghazi Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54172/12cdbn13

Keywords:

The United Nations, The Security Council, The General Assembly, Permanent Members, The Right (Veto), Reform and Development of the United Nations

Abstract

This study aims to identify the visions and positions of major countries and regional international organizations, on top of that, the Security Council and the General Assembly, where many international initiatives and proposals were monitored that demanded the application of democracy within the Security Council in terms of voting, the veto, and continental representation within the Council, in addition to the demand for these initiatives to grant the General Assembly the right to monitor the performance of the Security Council, especially with regard to international issues that threaten international peace and security. Although some of the reform and development initiatives originated from some major countries, the approval of these initiatives met with public and sometimes tacit rejection by the permanent members of the Security Council. A real positive change and development with regard to the voting systems and membership within the Security Council or the General Assembly; This is because these countries are convinced of the negative effects this reform will have on their own interests and global influence. The study reached several conclusions, including: The voting and decision-making system within the Security Council made the interference of major countries in the internal affairs of other countries a justification for that intervention in matters that are at the core of their competence, and that is the slogan of "human protection and internal security, and that is in the name of human rights or national security." Under the umbrella of international legitimacy.

References

أولاً: الوثائق (Documents)

Final Statement of the Second South Summit held in Qatar between the Group of 77 and China in June 2005.

Statement of the Second African-Arab Summit held in Sirte, Libya, on 10 October 2010.

Statement of the African Summit issued by the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during the period 25-31 January 2010.

Statement of the Third African-European Summit held in Tripoli, Libya, on 30 November 2010.

Statement of the African Summit issued by the African Union on 27 January 2013.

Statement of the African Summit issued by the African Union on 31 January 2015.

ثانياً: الكتب (Books)

Abu Hussein, Sawsan. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations" (Approx. Translation), Cairo: Madbouly Al-Saghir Library, Egypt.

Abu Zeid, Abdelnasser. (2007). "The United Nations between Achievement and Failure" (Approx. Translation), Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Egypt.

Al-Batayneh, Fouad. (2003). "The United Nations: An Organization that Remains and a System that Departs" (Approx. Translation), Beirut: The Arab Institution for Studies and Publishing, Lebanon.

Hatit, Kazem. (2000). "The Use of the Veto Right in the International Security Council" (Approx. Translation), Cairo: The Arab Book House, Egypt.

Ragheb, Hussein. (2021). "The United Nations between Challenges and Reform" (Approx. Translation), Damascus: Dar Al-Shaab for Publishing Humanities Sciences, Syria.

Al-Rawi, Hamid. (2019). "The United Nations between Reform and the Decline of Legal and Moral Responsibility" (Approx. Translation), Amman: Alan Publishers and Distributors, Jordan.

Al-Arja, Ziyad. (2014). "The Role of the United Nations in Organizing International Relations" (Approx. Translation), Amman: Dar Amwaj for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Jordan.

Arfa, Abdelsalam Saleh. (1999). "International and Regional Organizations" (Approx. Translation), Tripoli: Al-Jamahiriya House, Libya.

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Al-Fetlawi, Suhail Hussein. (2011). "The United Nations: Its Goals and Principles" (Approx. Translation), Amman: Dar Al-Hamed for Publishing, Jordan.

Fouad, Mustafa Ahmed. (2012). "The United Nations and Non-Governmental Organizations" (Approx. Translation), Cairo: Anglo-Egyptian Library, Egypt.

Metwally, Ragab Abdelmoneim. (2005). "The United Nations between Retention and Abolition in Light of Current International Developments" (Approx. Translation), Cairo: Al-Shorouk International Library, Egypt.

Nafea, Hassan. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations in Light of the Stumbling Path of International Regulation" (Approx. Translation), Beirut: Arab House for Sciences (Publishers) and Al-Jazeera Center for Studies, Lebanon.

Al-Najadi, Fadel Abbas Ali. (2021). "Legal and Administrative Reform of the United Nations Organization" (Approx. Translation), Damascus: Dar Al-Arab for Studies, Publishing and Translation, Syria.

Naima, Amer. (2007). "Democratizing the United Nations Organization" (Approx. Translation), Algeria: Algerian Book House, Algeria.

Othman, Mohammed. (2013). "Reform of the United Nations: A Forward-Looking Vision" (Approx. Translation), Damascus: Dar Al-Farabi, Syria.

ثالثاً: الدوريات (Journals)

Abu Al-Enein, Mahmoud. (2003). "The African Strategic Report" (Approx. Translation), Cairo University: Institute of African Research and Studies, Egypt.

Chemao, Chen. (2001). "The Trend towards a Multipolar World: A Chinese Vision" (Approx. Translation), International Politics Magazine, Cairo: Al-Ahram Foundation, Issue (145), Egypt.

Al-Anani, Ibrahim Mohammed. (1974). "The Middle East War and the Collective Security System" (Approx. Translation), Journal of Legal and Economic Sciences, Issue (34), Egypt.

(2007). "The Security Council: The Necessities of Reform in a Changing World" (Approx. Translation), International Politics Magazine, Issue (168), Egypt.

Mamosta, Shimal Hussein Mustafa. (2019). "Justifications for Reforming the United Nations in Light of the Increase in International Crises: The Syrian Crisis since 2011" (Approx. Translation), Noroz University Academic Journal, Volume (8), Issue (2), Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Nahaili, Rayeh. (2012). "Amending the United Nations Charter: The Amendment by Agreement and the Amendment by Custom" (Approx. Translation), Journal of Law and Humanities, Issue (12), Algeria.

رابعاً: الرسائل العلمية (Theses)

Al-Basara, Nasser Saad Ali. (2006). "The Right of Veto in the International Security Council under the New World Order" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Cairo: Institute of Arab Research and Studies, Egypt.

Al-Bakr, Noha Ali. (2007). "Projects for Reforming the Security Council: A Comparative Political Study in Light of Post-Cold War Crises" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Cairo University: Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Egypt.

Abdulaziz, Masoud. (2019). "Reforming the United Nations in the Field of Maintaining International Peace and Security" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Master's Thesis, Biskra: University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, Algeria.

Al-Forti, Kamal Mohammed Ahmed. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations System: A Study in International Positions" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Master's Thesis, Tripoli: Academy of Graduate Studies, Libya.

Mohammed, Mousa Abubakr. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations Organization under New International Variables" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Master's Thesis, Tripoli: Academy of Graduate Studies, Libya.

Younis, Ali Hassan Abubakr. (2013). "Libya and the United Nations: A Legal and Political Study of Libya's Positions in the International Organization regarding Terrorism Issues and Reform of the Organization" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Cairo University: Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Egypt.

خامساً: الإنترنت (Internet)

"Reforming the Security Council: A Larger Role for the African Continent" (Approx. Translation), Available at: https://p.dw.com/p/6vPM

Pascal Boniface. (2005). "Expanding the Security Council: Dimensions and Challenges" (Approx. Translation), Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 13/8/2005, Available at: https://cutt.us/9nDEf

Al-Nahar Newspaper. (2015). "UN Official: The United Nations Must Be Reformed to Adapt to Changes" (Approx. Translation), 8/6/2015, Available at: http://www.ennaharonline.com/ar/keywords

Le Figaro Newspaper. (2012). "Laurent Fabius: A New Settlement with France in the United Nations" (Approx. Translation), 27/9/2012, Available at: http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/ar/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/les-nations-unies

"Russia Supports Including Developing Countries in the Security Council" (Approx. Translation), Interview with Gennady Gatilov by Yekaterina Bostnikova, Russia Today (RT), 26/12/2018, Available at: https://cutt.us/dwdsg

Amer Eid Amer Eid. (2019). "Reforming the United Nations: Core Points" (Approx. Translation), 24/3/2019, Available at: https://archive.org/details/amer1960eid_gmail_20190324

"France and the United Nations" (Approx. Translation), French Diplomacy, 26/11/2021, Available at: https://cutt.us/YrKqN

Mohammed Khalfan Al-Sawafi. (2018). "The Reality of United Nations Reform" (Approx. Translation), Al-Bayan, 3/10/2018, Available at: https://www.albayan.ae/opinions/articles/2018-10-03-1.3372928

"The Organization of Islamic Cooperation Supports Saudi Arabia's Position on the Necessity of Reforming the Security Council" (Approx. Translation), Saba Net (Yemen News Agency), 20/10/2013, Available at: https://www.saba.ye/ar/news328091.htm

Wang Li. (2020). "China's Position towards the International System" (Approx. Translation), China Today, 29/4/2020, Available at: https://cutt.us/FNMSk

Bahrain News Agency. (2015). "Kuwait Affirms the Arab Group's Position Demanding Permanent Arab Representation in the Security Council" (Approx. Translation), 12 February 2015, Available at: http://www.bna.bh/portal/news/6537

Position Paper of the People's Republic of China, Submitted to the 66th Session of the UN General Assembly, Under Number PRS 3099/2011, Dated 18/9/2011, Available at: http://www.arabsino.com/articles/11-19/6200-9.htm

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Published

2021-12-30

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How to Cite

International Visions and Attitudes Towards Reforming and Developing the Main Organs of the United Nations - (Security Council – General Assembly). (2021). Al-Mukhtar Journal of Economic Sciences, 8(2), 389-420. https://doi.org/10.54172/12cdbn13

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