Estimation of the annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) and radio logical hazards of granite samples

Authors

  • Asma M.A. Othman Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Omar Al-Mukhtar university, Libya Author
  • Areej I Hazawi Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Omar Al-Mukhtar university, Libya Author
  • Salha D.Y. Alsaadi Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Omar Al-Mukhtar university, Libya Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54172/f992sy26

Keywords:

natural radiation, granite;, Annual Gonadal Dose , Equivalent Dose; Annual ingestion dose;

Abstract

This study investigates the specific activity of 226Ra and 232Th and 40K radionuclides in six granite samples collected from the area in the Desert of Egypt. Measurements were performed using a High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The Annual Averaged Committed Effective Dose (AACED) from ingestion was estimated, alongside key radiological parameters including the Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent (AGDE), Gamma Representative Level Index (RLI), Activity Utilization Index (AUI), Concentration Index (Ic), and Alpha Index (Iα). The results revealed that the radioactivity levels and all calculated radiological indices significantly exceed the internationally recommended safety limits established by UNSCEAR (2010). Specifically, the average AACED was found to be 2.092mSvy-1, which is approximately four times higher than the 0.48mSvy-1 limit. These findings indicate that the studied granite poses a substantial radiological hazard and should be strictly managed in environmental and industrial applications to mitigate potential health risks.

 

References

Abd El-Halim, E., El-Dine, N. W., El-Bahi, S. M., El-Aassy, I. E., El-Sheikh, E. M., Al-Abrdi, A. M. J. N. P., & Energy, A. (2017). Excessive Lifetime Cancer Risk and Natural Radioactivity Measurements of Granite and Sedimentary Rock Samples. 18(4), 371. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2017.04.371

AL-abrdi, A. M. A., Hazawi, A., Abd-Alhamid, M. A., & Yousif, R. J. S. U. S. J. (2025). Eval-uation of the activity levels and the radiological hazards associated with the imported chemical fertilizers used in Libya. 15(2), 26-32.

Al-Abrdi, A. M. J. L. J. o. B. S. (2023). Measurements of natural radioactivity and evaluation of radiation hazard indices in Barley Samples in Libya Markets. 20(2), 51-64.

Alsaadi, S., Hazawi, A., & Elmzainy, A. S. J. S. J. f. F. o. S.-S. U. (2023). Assessment of radio-activity in the soil samples from Al Bayda city, Libya, and its radiological implications. 3(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37375/sjfssu.v3i1.1058

Dallner, M., Elo, A.-L., Gamberale, F., Hottinen, V., Knardahl, S., Lindström, K.,…Ørhede, E. (2000). Validation of the General Nordic Questionnaire (QPSNordic) for psychological and social factors at work.

Hamza, Z. M., Kadhim, S. A., & Hussein, H. H. (2019). Assessment the norms for agricultural soils in Ghammas town, Iraq.

Hassan, N., Ishikawa, T., Hosoda, M., Sorimachi, A., Tokonami, S., Fukushi, M.,…chemistry, n. (2010). Assessment of the natural radioactivity using two techniques for the measurement of radionuclide concentration in building materials used in Japan. 283(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-009-0050-6

Kolo, M. T., Aziz, S. A. B. A., Khandaker, M. U., Asaduzzaman, K., Amin, Y. M. J. E. S., & Research, P. (2015). Evaluation of radiological risks due to natural radioactivity around Lynas Advanced Material Plant environment, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 22(17), 13127-13136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4577-5

Moghazy, N. M., El-Tohamy, A. M., Fawzy, M. M., Awad, H. A., Zakaly, H. M., Issa, S. A., & Ene, A. J. A. S. (2021). Natural radioactivity, radiological hazard and petrographical studies on aswan granites used as building materials in Egypt. 11(14), 6471. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146471

Saleh, G. M., Semary, H. E., Lasheen, E. S. R., Kamar, M. S., Elkelish, A., Sami, M.,…Abdelaal, A. J. F. i. E. S. (2025). Metal contamination and radiological risk assessment in the coastal zone of Wadi Ghadir outlet, Red Sea, Egypt. 13, 1667069. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2025.1667069

Shereif, A. S., Heikal, M. T. S., El Ela, A. S. A., El Shabasy, A., Masoud, A. E., & Csámer, Á. J. S. R. (2026). Gamma activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and health hazard assessments of granites from Wadi El-Nabi’mining area, Egyptian Nubian Shield. 16(1), 9122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39664-4

UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation, (2010): "Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation". Report to General Assembly with Scientific Annexes, United Nations, New York.

Downloads

Published

2026-08-31

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Estimation of the annual gonadal equivalent dose (AGED) and radio logical hazards of granite samples. (2026). Al-Mukhtar Journal of Basic Sciences, 24(2), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.54172/f992sy26