Determination of lead Element in Hair Dye Samples Available in Libyan Markets Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Elham  Alterhoni; Mona H. Bnhmad; Rabia Omar  Eshkourfu; Amina Mohamed  Amimn; Ebtihaj Abdul Aziz  Youssef; Ebtihal Mustafa  Al-Zurqani; Aya Al-Hadi  Ebrahim; Afaf Ali  Al-Rutbi

doi:10.54172/h2qgcx97

Authors

Elham Alterhoni Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya Author
Mona H. Bnhmad Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Marj, University of Benghazi, Libya Author
Rabia Omar Eshkourfu Department of Chemistry, Elmergib University, AL-Khums, Libya Author
Amina Mohamed Amimn Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya Author
Ebtihaj Abdul Aziz Youssef Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-cy, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya Author
Ebtihal Mustafa Al-Zurqani Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-cy, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya Author
Aya Al-Hadi Ebrahim Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-cy, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya Author
Afaf Ali Al-Rutbi Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-cy, Elmergib University, Al Khums, Libya Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54172/h2qgcx97

Keywords:

Hair Dyes, Lead, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Heavy Metals

Abstract

Hair dyes are essential to cosmetic products; however, they may contain harmful chemicals that pose health risks when used repeatedly. This study analyzed six commercial hair dye samples available in the Libyan markets, representing multiple colors (black, blonde and brown) to ensure a comprehensive assessment. Advanced analytical techniques, specifically Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), were employed to determine the lead concentration in the samples. Random samples were selected from the markets for analysis, and the results revealed that most samples had undetectable levels of lead (<0.1 µg/L) for samples 1 to 3. However, sample 4 exhibited a significant lead concentration, with an average value of 12.92 µg/L, ranging from 10.2 µg/L to 14.56 µg/L. Samples 5 and 6 were also free from detectable lead. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of cosmetic products, particularly regarding heavy metals that could pose public health risks. The findings suggest that some products contain elevated lead levels, highlighting the need for preventive measures to ensure consumer safety. Additionally, the study calls for increased consumer awareness of the risks of lead exposure and the importance of selecting safe products.

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