Hammad, Saeed Juma. “Cyrenaica Between Dependency and Stability from the Islamic Conquest until the End of the Fatimid Era (642 AD - 1171 AD - 21 AH - 549 AH)”. Al-Mukhtar Journal of Social Sciences 31, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 102–117. Accessed November 19, 2025. https://mdp.omu.edu.ly/journals/index.php/mjssc/article/view/269.