الرؤى والمواقف الدولية من إصلاح وتطوير الأجهزة الرئيسية التابعة للأمم المتحدة - (مجلس الأمن – الجمعية العامة)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54172/12cdbn13الكلمات المفتاحية:
الأمم المتحدة، مجلس الأمن، الجمعية العامة، أعضاء دائمون، حق الفيتو، إصلاح وتطوير الأمم المتحدةالملخص
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على رؤى ومواقف الدول الكبرى والمنظمات الدولية الإقليمية من قضية إصلاح وتطوير الأجهزة الرئيسية التابعة لهيئة الأمم المتحدة، وعلى رأسها "مجلس الأمن والجمعية العامة"، حيث تم رصد العديد من المبادرات والمقترحات الدولية التي كانت تطالب بتطبيق الديمقراطية داخل مجلس الأمن من ناحية التصويت وحق النقض والتمثيل القاري داخل المجلس، بالإضافة إلى مطالبة تلك المبادرات بمنح الجمعية العامة حق الرقابة على أداء مجلس الأمن، خصوصاً فيما يتعلق بالقضايا الدولية التي تهدد الأمن والسلم الدوليين. وعلى الرغم من أن بعض مبادرات الإصلاح والتطوير كان مصدرها بعض الدول الكبرى، فإن الموافقة على هذه المبادرات قد اصطدم برفض علني وأحياناً ضمنياً من قبل الدول دائمة العضوية في مجلس الأمن، فكثيراً ما كانت هذه الدول تتلاعب بالألفاظ، وتظهر أنها مع الإصلاح والتطوير دون أن نرى تغييراً وتطوراً إيجابياً حقيقياً فيما يتعلق بنظامي التصويت والعضوية داخل مجلس الأمن أو الجمعية العامة؛ وذلك لقناعة هذه الدول بما سيرتب على هذا الإصلاح من آثار سلبية على مصالحها الخاصة ونفوذها العالمي. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج منها: أن نظام التصويت واتخاذ القرارات داخل مجلس الأمن جعل تدخل الدول الكبرى في الشؤون الداخلية لباقي الدول مبرراً لذلك التدخل في أمور تعد من صميم اختصاصها الداخلي، وذلك باسم القانون الدولي، والأمن الجماعي، أو تحت شعار "حماية حقوق الإنسان" تحت مظلة الشرعية الدولية.
المراجع
أولاً: الوثائق (Documents)
Final Statement of the Second South Summit held in Qatar between the Group of 77 and China in June 2005.
Statement of the Second African-Arab Summit held in Sirte, Libya, on 10 October 2010.
Statement of the African Summit issued by the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during the period 25-31 January 2010.
Statement of the Third African-European Summit held in Tripoli, Libya, on 30 November 2010.
Statement of the African Summit issued by the African Union on 27 January 2013.
Statement of the African Summit issued by the African Union on 31 January 2015.
ثانياً: الكتب (Books)
Abu Hussein, Sawsan. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations" (Approx. Translation), Cairo: Madbouly Al-Saghir Library, Egypt.
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Hatit, Kazem. (2000). "The Use of the Veto Right in the International Security Council" (Approx. Translation), Cairo: The Arab Book House, Egypt.
Ragheb, Hussein. (2021). "The United Nations between Challenges and Reform" (Approx. Translation), Damascus: Dar Al-Shaab for Publishing Humanities Sciences, Syria.
Al-Rawi, Hamid. (2019). "The United Nations between Reform and the Decline of Legal and Moral Responsibility" (Approx. Translation), Amman: Alan Publishers and Distributors, Jordan.
Al-Arja, Ziyad. (2014). "The Role of the United Nations in Organizing International Relations" (Approx. Translation), Amman: Dar Amwaj for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Jordan.
Arfa, Abdelsalam Saleh. (1999). "International and Regional Organizations" (Approx. Translation), Tripoli: Al-Jamahiriya House, Libya.
Al-Alaq, Yusra Karim. (2020). "Global Governance and Developments in the International Political System" (Approx. Translation), Amman: Dar Al-Khaleej for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan.
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Guterres, Antonio et al. (2017). "Basic Facts about the United Nations" (Approx. Translation), 42nd Edition, Translated by: Rajab Al-Shaer Office, New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, United States.
Al-Fetlawi, Suhail Hussein. (2011). "The United Nations: Its Goals and Principles" (Approx. Translation), Amman: Dar Al-Hamed for Publishing, Jordan.
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Nafea, Hassan. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations in Light of the Stumbling Path of International Regulation" (Approx. Translation), Beirut: Arab House for Sciences (Publishers) and Al-Jazeera Center for Studies, Lebanon.
Al-Najadi, Fadel Abbas Ali. (2021). "Legal and Administrative Reform of the United Nations Organization" (Approx. Translation), Damascus: Dar Al-Arab for Studies, Publishing and Translation, Syria.
Naima, Amer. (2007). "Democratizing the United Nations Organization" (Approx. Translation), Algeria: Algerian Book House, Algeria.
Othman, Mohammed. (2013). "Reform of the United Nations: A Forward-Looking Vision" (Approx. Translation), Damascus: Dar Al-Farabi, Syria.
ثالثاً: الدوريات (Journals)
Abu Al-Enein, Mahmoud. (2003). "The African Strategic Report" (Approx. Translation), Cairo University: Institute of African Research and Studies, Egypt.
Chemao, Chen. (2001). "The Trend towards a Multipolar World: A Chinese Vision" (Approx. Translation), International Politics Magazine, Cairo: Al-Ahram Foundation, Issue (145), Egypt.
Al-Anani, Ibrahim Mohammed. (1974). "The Middle East War and the Collective Security System" (Approx. Translation), Journal of Legal and Economic Sciences, Issue (34), Egypt.
(2007). "The Security Council: The Necessities of Reform in a Changing World" (Approx. Translation), International Politics Magazine, Issue (168), Egypt.
Mamosta, Shimal Hussein Mustafa. (2019). "Justifications for Reforming the United Nations in Light of the Increase in International Crises: The Syrian Crisis since 2011" (Approx. Translation), Noroz University Academic Journal, Volume (8), Issue (2), Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Nahaili, Rayeh. (2012). "Amending the United Nations Charter: The Amendment by Agreement and the Amendment by Custom" (Approx. Translation), Journal of Law and Humanities, Issue (12), Algeria.
رابعاً: الرسائل العلمية (Theses)
Al-Basara, Nasser Saad Ali. (2006). "The Right of Veto in the International Security Council under the New World Order" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Cairo: Institute of Arab Research and Studies, Egypt.
Al-Bakr, Noha Ali. (2007). "Projects for Reforming the Security Council: A Comparative Political Study in Light of Post-Cold War Crises" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Cairo University: Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Egypt.
Abdulaziz, Masoud. (2019). "Reforming the United Nations in the Field of Maintaining International Peace and Security" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Master's Thesis, Biskra: University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, Algeria.
Al-Forti, Kamal Mohammed Ahmed. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations System: A Study in International Positions" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Master's Thesis, Tripoli: Academy of Graduate Studies, Libya.
Mohammed, Mousa Abubakr. (2009). "Reforming the United Nations Organization under New International Variables" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Master's Thesis, Tripoli: Academy of Graduate Studies, Libya.
Younis, Ali Hassan Abubakr. (2013). "Libya and the United Nations: A Legal and Political Study of Libya's Positions in the International Organization regarding Terrorism Issues and Reform of the Organization" (Approx. Translation), Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Cairo University: Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Egypt.
خامساً: الإنترنت (Internet)
"Reforming the Security Council: A Larger Role for the African Continent" (Approx. Translation), Available at: https://p.dw.com/p/6vPM
Pascal Boniface. (2005). "Expanding the Security Council: Dimensions and Challenges" (Approx. Translation), Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 13/8/2005, Available at: https://cutt.us/9nDEf
Al-Nahar Newspaper. (2015). "UN Official: The United Nations Must Be Reformed to Adapt to Changes" (Approx. Translation), 8/6/2015, Available at: http://www.ennaharonline.com/ar/keywords
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"Russia Supports Including Developing Countries in the Security Council" (Approx. Translation), Interview with Gennady Gatilov by Yekaterina Bostnikova, Russia Today (RT), 26/12/2018, Available at: https://cutt.us/dwdsg
Amer Eid Amer Eid. (2019). "Reforming the United Nations: Core Points" (Approx. Translation), 24/3/2019, Available at: https://archive.org/details/amer1960eid_gmail_20190324
"France and the United Nations" (Approx. Translation), French Diplomacy, 26/11/2021, Available at: https://cutt.us/YrKqN
Mohammed Khalfan Al-Sawafi. (2018). "The Reality of United Nations Reform" (Approx. Translation), Al-Bayan, 3/10/2018, Available at: https://www.albayan.ae/opinions/articles/2018-10-03-1.3372928
"The Organization of Islamic Cooperation Supports Saudi Arabia's Position on the Necessity of Reforming the Security Council" (Approx. Translation), Saba Net (Yemen News Agency), 20/10/2013, Available at: https://www.saba.ye/ar/news328091.htm
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Position Paper of the People's Republic of China, Submitted to the 66th Session of the UN General Assembly, Under Number PRS 3099/2011, Dated 18/9/2011, Available at: http://www.arabsino.com/articles/11-19/6200-9.htm
التنزيلات
منشور
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2026 توفيق صالح علي، حسن بوبكر علي، خالد خميس السحاتي (مؤلف)

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