Al-Mukhtar Journal of Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences
Al-Mukhtar Journal of Agricultural, Veterinary, and Environmental Sciences is an open-access journal published by Omar Al-Mukhtar University. The journal's scope publishes research in Agricultural, Veterinary, and Environmental Sciences.
Water Use Efficiency in Soilless Culture Systems: A Comparative Study of Water Requirements for Tomato and Pepper Crops vs. Traditional Agriculture
This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis between hydroponic systems and traditional soil cultivation in terms of water-use efficiency and vegetative growth indices for tomato and pepper crops. Water requirements in soil were estimated using the Penman–Monteith (FAO-56) equation based on the Omu-ET model, whereas hydroponic system calculations were based on the actual uptake of the nutrient solution. The results demonstrated a statistically significant superiority (P = 0.005) of the hydroponic system in reducing water consumption by more than 75%, along with a marked improvement in biomass accumulation of the crops
Sustainable Development, Nutrients, Natural Resources, Water Requirements, Penman–Monteith
Copyright (c) 2026 Heba A. Ali Thabet, Asma R.S. Adam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Libyan Sidr Honey and Thyme Honey Against Some Pathogenic Bacterial Species Isolated from Patients at Benghazi Medical Center
This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of two types of Libyan honey, Sidr and thyme produced in the Benghazi region, and investigated their physicochemical properties and relationship to antibacterial efficacy in light of increasing microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Four clinically isolated pathogenic bacterial strains were obtained from patients at Benghazi Medical Center: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation (p ≤ 0.05) between honey concentration and inhibition zone diameter for all tested bacteria. No inhibitory effect was observed at 25% concentration for most of the tested species, whereas the highest antibacterial activity occurred at 100%. Sidr honey exhibited the largest inhibition zone against S. aureus (28.0 ± 0.41 mm) compared to thyme honey (22.75 ± 0.50 mm). Similarly, Sidr honey showed greater activity against E. coli (26.0 ± 0.82 mm) than thyme honey (21.0 ± 0.82 mm). Gram-negative bacteria showed lower susceptibility overall, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12.5% for Sidr honey in most cases, while minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values reached 50% for both honey types. Physicochemical analysis revealed the superiority of Sidr honey, characterized by lower pH (3.7 ± 0.2), lower moisture content (6.7%), and higher total sugar content (81.45%) compared to thyme honey. The study concludes that Libyan honey, particularly Sidr honey, demonstrates promising potential as a natural antibacterial agent.
Libyan honey, Sidr honey, Thyme honey, Antibacterial activity, Physicochemical properties.
Copyright (c) 2026 Murad Abdulrraziq Ramadhan Alsaeiti, Abdelmagid Hamed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Seasonal Dynamics and Age Distribution of the Black Scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Olive and Oleander Trees in Al-Bayda City, Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar Region, Libya
This study was conducted in Al-Bayda ,Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, over a period of 14 months (May 2018-June 2019) to elucidate the seasonal dynamics and age distribution of the black scale Saissetia oleae on both the olive and oleander hosts. A monthly assessment sampled 160 leaves and 32 twigs from each host plant. Results demonstrated a univoltine life cycle (one generation per year) for the black scale, peaking in August for olive and in June for oleander. Strong positive correlation results (r = 0.65 olive r = 0.72 oleander) were found for density of nymphs and ambient temperature. S. oleae over wintered mainly as second and third instars. The nymphs comprise the majority of the population (85–89%). The results showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). In total, 97% of nymphs were located on leaves, whereas 95% of females were located on twigs. The study confirmed the presence of the insect's natural enemies including two parasitoids, one of which was recorded for the first time in the region ( Metaphycus sp) along with four species of predators. A significant correlation was found for fecundity to female body volume on both hosts (olive: r = 0.71; oleander: r = 0.70)
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariam A. H. Boulabiad, Kamla A. A. Mustfa, Mariam Saleh Mohamed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of oxidation indicators and sensory properties of Libyan Samn packaged in The Traditional (Al- ‘Ukkah) compared to Samn packaged in glass with and without the addition of carob rub during the storage period.
This study aims to evaluate the oxidation indicators and sensory properties of Libyan samn packaged traditionally in Al- ‘Ukkah, and compare it with samn packaged in glass with added carob rub, as well as samn packaged in glass without additives, over a four-month storage period. Acidity, peroxide value, and 2-thiobarbutic acid value were measured, the results revealed significant differences in acidity (P≤0.05), with a gradual increase observed in all treatments throughout storage. By the end of the period, acidity values reached 0.70, 0.64, and 0.49 mg KOH/kg fat for samn packaged in Al- ‘Ukkah, samn packaged in glass with added carob rub, and samn packaged in glass without additives, respectively. Peroxide values also showed significant differences, with the lowest rate of primary oxidation found in samn packaged in Al- ‘Ukkah, followed by samn packaged in glass with added carob rub, then samn packaged in glass without additives, recording 0.166, 0.213, and 0.190 meq O₂/kg fat, respectively. TBA values demonstrated significant variations on days 105 and 120 of storage, with values ranging from 0.012 to 0.183 (MDA/kg fat) for the development of Samn stored in Al- ‘Ukkah Overall, oxidation levels across treatments remained below the maximum allowable limits for animal ghee. Sensory evaluation) color, flavor, aroma, and overall acceptability (was conducted using a preference test at monthly intervals. Results indicated that samn packaged in Al- ‘Ukkah received the highest sensory scores throughout storage, followed by samn with carob rub, while samn packaged in glass without additives showed the lowest acceptability.
Ghee Peroxide number, Sensory properties
Copyright (c) 2025 Hanan Mahmoud salhe, Abdulrasool Awad BoSultan, Mabruka Milad Mwsaa, Huda Amrajaa Bilhasan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The influence of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) supplementation to broiler diets on productive performance and economic efficiency
The abstract is a digest of the entire paper and should be given the same consideration as the main text. It does not normally include any reference to the literature. Abbreviations or acronyms must be preceded by the full term at the first use. An abstract should be between 150-200 words. It includes a brief statement of problem, a concise description of the research method and design, a summary of major findings, including their significance or lack of it, and conclusions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed Alshelmani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Influence of Inflation Pressure in Tires and Forward Speed on Tractor Performance
This study was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of The Nile Valley, during the 2018 and 2019 winter season to evaluate the effects of forward speed and tire inflation pressure on tractor performance. Tillage operations were carried out using an 83-hp tractor equipped with a three-bottom disc plow. Three levels of tire inflation pressure and three forward speeds were tested. The evaluated indicators included wheel slip, fuel consumption, and field capacity. The results showed that both forward speed and tire inflation pressure significantly affected all studied parameters. Wheel slip and fuel consumption increased with increasing forward speed and tire inflation pressure, whereas field capacity improved with higher forward speeds and appropriate tire pressure levels. A significant interaction between forward speed and tire inflation pressure was observed for wheel slip and fuel consumption, while no significant interaction was found in field capacity. These findings highlight the importance of proper adjustment of operating speed and tire inflation pressure to improve tractor performance and reduce traction losses and fuel consumption.
Tire pressure, fuel consumption, slippage, tillage, operational performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamedahmed Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Responses of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Vegetative Growth and Yield to Different Numbers of Humic Acid Foliar Sprays
The experiment was conducted at the farm of the Agriculture Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, during the growing season 2022, to investigate the effect of humic acid by spraying it with different times on the vegetative and fruit growth of hot pepper, the Starter variety. The experiment included the following treatments: spraying with water only (control), spraying once (two weeks after planting), spraying twice (two weeks after planting and three weeks after planting), and the seedlings were planted in the field on 8th Aug. 2022, and the seedlings were 45 days old. The experiment was designed in completely randomized blocks with three replications. The vegetative traits studied were plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, chlorophyll leaf content, while the fruiting traits were fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruits/plant, and crop weight/plant. The results showed that spraying twice three weeks after planting recorded the highest values for all the vegetative and fruiting traits studied, followed by spraying once two weeks after planting compared to the control treatment, which recorded the lowest values.
Hot pepper- Fruit length- plant height- chlorophyll- fruit weigh
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Distinguishing between different Environmental habitat of Myrtus communis using vegetative storage protein electrophoresis
The growing interest in using Myrtus communis in industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical applications has put this plant at risk due to overharvesting. These Plants occur in small, scattered populations, and their numbers are gradually declining. There are currently no effective programs in place to protect, enhance, or sustainably manage this resource. This study involved collecting Myrtus communis samples from two sites in the Jabal Akhdar region (Wadi Kuf, a relatively humid valley, and Wadi Azlifat, a drier valley), where the plant grows naturally. SDS-PAGE analysis of the plant's storage proteins revealed Pronounced variability in the number of protein bands, the percentage of variation, and the molecular weight. Samples from Wadi Kuf showed fewer bands (12) but a higher percentage of variation (42.85%), suggesting considerable genetic diversity within the population despite the lower number of bands. Samples from Wadi Azlifat showed a higher number of bands (14) but a lower percentage of variation (33.33%), possibly indicating greater homogeneity or similarity in protein profiles among individuals. The differences in molecular weight suggest that the two populations possess diverse proteins in terms of size and type, demonstrating the effect of different environmental factors, such as humidity, soil type, temperature, and other environmental stresses, concerning the expression of storage protein genes in Myrtus communis.
Environmental habitat, Vegetative Storage Protein Electrophoresis, Myrtus communis
Copyright (c) 2025 khadiga alhadead, Abuajila Alzntany, kholoud Faraj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Relevance of gray mold disease on grapes in different regions of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya.
The abstract is a digest of the entire paper and should be given the same consideration as the main text. It does not normally include any reference to the literature. Abbreviations or acronyms must be preceded by the full term at the first use. An abstract should be between 150-200 words. It includes a brief statement of problem, a concise description of the research method and design, a summary of major findings, including their significance or lack of it, and conclusions
Gray mold disease, Botrytis cinerea fungus, Grape, Al-Jabal Al-khdar regions.
The effect of growth environments on the growth of two henna cultivars under the environmental conditions of Mukalla city, Yemen.
A pot experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Science, Hadhramout University, during the period from 21/1 to 21/2/2025 AD for a period of one month to determine the effect of growing media and plant variety on improving the growth of the vegetative group and rooting of stem cuttings of the henna plant Lawsonia inermis L., by studying the trait of branch length, number of roots, branches and leaves, and the fresh and dry weight of leaves. The results were analyzed using a completely randomized block design with two factors: variety factor and growing media factor. Each treatment was repeated four times. The results obtained showed that the Indian variety significantly outperformed the local variety in all studied traits over the local variety, which gave zero readings for all studied traits. The growth environment (2 coconut + 1 sand) (volume/volume) as well as the interaction between the Indian variety and growing media (2 coconut + 1 sand) gave the highest results for all studied traits except for the dry weight of leaves. The study recommends conducting further studies on the local variety to preserve it from deterioration. Including planting monthly throughout the year to choose the appropriate time to take cuttings or use growth regulators.
Henna, Cuttings, Vegetative Propagation, Growth Media, variety
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahrous Abdullah Bahwerith , Maryam Abdullah Bahussain, Bayan Tariq Balahmar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Soaking Wheat Grains in Gibberellic Acid Under Varying Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Concentrations
an experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, during the 2022-2023 season to study the effect of gibberellic acid GA3 on the germination and growth characteristics of wheat seedlings (Salambo) under salt stress. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (C.R.D) in three replications, the treatments were (soaking wheat grains in gibberellic acid, no soaking) and concentrations of sodium chloride salt (NaCl) (distilled water compared to control, 4000ppm, 6000 ppm, and 8000 ppm). The results indicated that the treatment of soaking grains in gibberellic acid was significantly superior to the treatment without soaking in all the studied traits represented by "germination percentage %, seedling length (cm), root length and shoot length "cm", seedling wet and dry weight "g" and Seedling vigour index ". The results showed highly significant differences between sodium chloride salt concentrations compared to the (Control) treatment, where the germination percentage %, seedling length "cm", shoot and root length "cm", seedling wet and dry weight (g), and Seedling vigor index decreased with increasing salt concentration up to (8000 ppm). The results showed no significant differences in the interaction between soaking treatments and sodium chloride salt concentrations in all studied traits except for germination percentage, where the treatment of soaking grains in gibberellic acid with distilled water (control) recorded the highest values compared to the lowest values recorded when grains were not treated with sodium chloride concentration (8000 ppm).
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmed S. Issa Buhedma, Imbarkah F Aboubakr, Ayiman F Ahmed , Gamila S. Muhammed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Biochemical study of three legume types by vitamin B12 and aqueous extracts of Cucurbita pepo L. leaves influence
This study was conducted in the Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, and included a greenhouse experiment to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cucurbita pepo L. (squash) leaf aqueous extracts at concentrations (2% and 6% w/v), vitamin B12 at concentrations (2 and 6 ppm), and their combined effects on certain biochemical characteristics of seedlings from three leguminous crops (chickpeas, cowpeas, and beans). The study assessed chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)). The results revealed varied responses among the tested species to the applied treatments. However, the most notable observation was the stimulatory effect of vitamin B12, which significantly enhanced the studied traits and outperformed the squash leaf aqueous extract treatment. Chickpea plants exhibited a decrease in chlorophyll content, accompanied by a reduction in carbohydrate levels across most treatments. The results further showed that the combined application of the aqueous extract and vitamin increased chlorophyll content while reducing carbohydrate levels in both cowpeas and beans. Additionally, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity was observed in plants treated with the squash leaf extract, indicating elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to the effect of released allelopathic compounds. It was evident that the 2% concentration was more effective in enhancing CAT and POD enzyme activity, whereas their effectiveness declined at the 6% concentration. Furthermore, vitamin B12 led to an increase in CAT and POD enzyme activity across all tested leguminous crops.
Copyright (c) 2024 Wasan salih Hussain, Ban Abdul-Aziz Edan, Noor Al-huda Ahmad Mohammed Taher (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prevalence of Babesia Infection in the Northeastern Part of Libya(Camelus Dromedaries)
A study was conducted to investigate Babesia spp. infections in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in northeastern Libya. Blood samples were randomly collected from camels of both sexes (115 females and 45 males) across seven selected regions: Tobruk Khoury, Alhamamuh, Sultana, Alqabah, Ajdabiya Road, Qanduluh, and Imsaeid. The sampling period spanned from February 2021 to January 2022. Giemsa-stained blood smears were used to diagnose Babesia spp. infections. The results revealed an overall infection prevalence of 35% among the tested samples. The highest prevalence rates were recorded in Tobruk Khoury (70%), followed by Ajdabiya Road (60.6%), Alhamamuh (60%), Sultana (46.6%), Alqabah (28.57%), Qanduluh (19.35%), and Imsaeid (7.1%).The prevalence among females (42.6%) was significantly higher than that among males (15.5%). Regarding age groups, middle-aged camels (1–15 years) exhibited the highest prevalence rate (45.1%). Seasonally, the highest infection rate was observed in autumn (50%), followed by spring (47.36%).
Copyright (c) 2024 Salwa. M.S. fzany (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of Quality characteristics of three local soft wheats (bread wheat) varieties and an introduced variety grown under a supplementary irrigation system
This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the grain quality of three local bread wheat cultivars with an introduced variety known for its high productivity in its native region. The experiment was carried out at the Musrata Experimental Station, affiliated with the Agricultural Research Center, Libya, during the 2020-2021 growing season under supplemental irrigation conditions. The results revealed significant differences among the studied cultivars in all grain quality traits, except for hectoliter weight. The evaluated parameters included thousand kernel weight, falling number, hardness (particle size index method), moisture content, protein content, wet gluten, gluten index, and sedimentation value. The introduced Salambo variety recorded the highest values for hectoliter weight (81.6 kg/hl), thousand kernel weight (52.1 g), falling number (523 seconds), and moisture content (12.59%). Among the local cultivars, Bohouth 208 showed the highest values for protein content (15.66%), wet gluten (37.7%), and sedimentation value (32.8 ml). Meanwhile, Bohouth 210 exhibited the best hardness and the highest gluten index (86.0%), with hardness recorded at 14.7%. In contrast, Bohouth 212 displayed excessive hardness, reaching 9.0%. The findings indicate that Bohouth 210 and the introduced Salambo variety demonstrated superior adaptability to the environmental conditions of the region, possessing most of the essential quality traits required for bread-making.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jamal O. Nasr, Salaheldin M. Abo-Gharsa, Mohamed A. Elkekli, Nasir M. Khatab (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Study of variation patterns for body shape in four endemic mullet species (Mugilidae) from Umm-Hufayn Lagoon, on the Cyrenaica coast of Libya
The study investigates the morphometric characteristics of four mullet species from the Umm-Hufayn lagoon on the Cyrenaica coast to analyze their morphomeristic variation and possible factors contributing to it. The morphometric analysis showed significant variation in the body shape of mullet species. The results of Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) show significant variation to separate the four mullet species without any overlap. While Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) shows the presented four distinct phenotypes differing by mullet species of body shape, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed a wider distribution of body shape variations among the data points, indicating a greater range of body shapes within the sample population. The morphometric differences may be attributed to weight, size, or genetic differences. The study highlights the importance of geometric morphometric analysis to in identifying and differentiating the selected fish species in the same habitat.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fatma R. Solieman, Abdulghani A. Abdulghani, Sara A. A. Al Mabruk (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A descriptive study of the partridge bird in the Green Mountain region of Libya
This study was on the Barbary partridge found in the Jabal Al Akhdar region / Cyrenaica / Libya, (8) birds were captured, 4 males and 4 females, their estimated age (25 months). Body weight, body length, tail length and claw leg length were non-significantly increased in males. The distance between the tips of the wings was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in males. Beak length was non-significantly longer in females. The weight of the viscera in females was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The weight of the liver and gizzard of females was non-significantly higher. Heart weight in males is high without significance. The weight of the crop, glandular stomach and intestine was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females. Red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets, glucose, calcium, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, and LDL were elevated in females without significance. The urea concentration of males was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Triglycerides and VLDL were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females. The level of uric acid, protein, albumin, potassium, cholesterol, GPT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin was high without significance in males. Creatinine, sodium, chloride, and globulin are almost identical between males and females.
Copyright (c) 2024 Tarek A. S. Altief , Raiqa A. Saeid , Salem A. Amaizik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Determination of The Initiative Amount of Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer Rates for Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Rhizobium Bacteria on Vicia Faba Plant Under Local Condition
In order to determine the rate of initiative amount of ammonium sulfate fertilizer (0,20,25,50,100) Kg N/ha. The experiment was conducted using phenomena of biological nitrogen fixation, two cultivars of broad bean( vicia faba) were used "Egyption and Moroccian" In this study ,the response of the two cultivars were variable when locally isolated Rhizobium bacteria F2K22 was added as an inoculum in combination with different ammonium sulfate fertilizer rates. The results obtained showed remarkable homogeneity in the studied parameters [ percent of nitrogen in plant, Wight of root nodules, number of root nodules and root Wight ] ,which was agreed with previous studies either inoculated and non-inoculated plants with the significant difference at 0.01 in an inoculated plants with Rhizobium inoculum locally isolated F2k22. Finally the result obtained from the two season experiments showed that the addition of 25 kg N/ha in combination with Rhizobium inoculum was the proper promotive rate, this indicates that the known rate 20 kg N/ha is not the proper rate under local conditions to fix nitrogen biologically .
Copyright (c) 2024 Hoda A. Elhadede, Fatema I. Benamer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mycoflora Detection in Some Dry Plants Used in Libyan Folk Medicine
laurel Bay, Guava and Senna were purchased from different herbalist shops in Al-Beyda city. Moisture content was determined, and the levels of fungal contamination were detected in all samples by incubating them on 2% water agar petri dishes and purifying on potato sucrose agar at 25 ± 1oC. The higher moisture contents of 50% and 25% were recorded in Guava and Greek laurel Bay respectively. Seven different genera and 12 species were isolated and identified as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. carbonarius, A. niger, A. parasiticus, Cheatomium globosm, C. funicola, Cheatomium sp., Cladosporium cladosporides, Phoma sp., Pealosporium herbarum and Ulocladium charturm. The higher diversity of 14 isolates and the higher frequency of 38.9% were found in guava following by 11 isolates and 30.6% in Greek laurel Bay.The relative density of contamination for fungi isolated revealed that A. alternata and A. niger are maximum (15.7%) followed by C. funicola (13.7%) and the minimum number of fungi recorded was 2% for P. herbarium. Screening tests for mycotoxins producibility in isolates of fungi by using vapor ammonia liquid on PSA medium, among which A. flavus, A. carbonarius, A. niger, showed positive results for mycotoxins production.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zahra I. El-Gali, Mohamed A. Elghli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Estimating reference evapotranspiration for Shahat region in Libya using genetic programming
This study was conducted to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for Shahat region in Libya using the genetic programming (GP) model compared to the FAO Penman-Monteith equation (FPM56). The climatic data of Shahat Meteorological Station was used for the period from 1963 to 1999. Six different combinations of available meteorological variables were used, such as the average air temperature (Tmean), the average relative humidity (RHmean), and the extraterrestrial radiation (Ra). The latter is calculated as a function of the location and time during the year. The GP model was trained using 70% of the climatic data and tested using the remaining 30%. The values of the statistical indicators obtained in this study showed that the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) ranged between 0.26 and 0.98 (mm.day-1); 0.67 and 0.98; 0.66 and 0.98, respectively during the testing period. Therefore, GP models represent a great option to estimate ETo, when climatic data are scarce.
Copyright (c) 2024 Osama A. Abdelatty , Mohamed A. Momen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Cold Stratitication and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Quince (Cydonia oblonga)
The study aimed to determine the effect of cold stratification, concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and the interaction between them on the characteristics of germination and growth of quince seedlings. Quince seeds have embryonic dormancy attributed to inhibitory germination in seed covers; thus, seeds exposed to cold stratification (30, 60, and 90 days) and treated with GA3 at concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm). A randomized complete block design was used, and each treatment contained 40 seeds. The results showed the cold stratification of 90 days gave the highest percentage and speed of germination, the longest seedling, the largest leaf area and a percentage of dry matter with an average of (87%, 1.88, 37.35cm, 31cm2 and 55%), and the use of a concentration (500 ppm) gave the best percentage and speed for seed germination. The interaction showed a significant effect on the characteristics of germination and growth. The seed treated with cold stratification for 60 days with a concentration of GA3 at 500 ppm gave the highest percentage of germination (94%), and the stratification for 90 days with a concentration of 1000 ppm recorded the largest leaf area and the highest percentage of dry matter (34. 40 cm2 and 57.54%) on respectively. While the seeds stratified for 60 days without GA3 have the highest value for the diameter (2.89 mm). From this, we concluded that the treatment with GA3 with cold stratification is of economic importance for its effective role in breaking the dormancy of Quince seeds.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abaidalah A. Saleh, Khalid M, Mazik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Identification of Insect Pests in Stored Pulses within Tripoli, Libya
This study investigated the presence of insect pests in five stored pulses which are chickpeas, beans, white pea beans, peas, and red lentils collected from Tripoli city markets. The results revealed that one or more beetle species infested 39.05% of the samples. The percentages of samples infested were as follows: beans 52.38%, peas 42.86%, red lentils 38.11%, white pea beans 33.33%, and chickpeas 28.57%. The results also show that eight weevil species of insect pests were detected in the samples. These were cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis L., bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), faba bean beetle Bruchidius incarnatus Boheman, grain weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.), lesser grain borer Rhizopertha dominica (F.), red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The most frequently found beetle species were; cowpea weevil C. maculatus with 18.10 %, bean weevil A. obtectus 14.29 % and lesser grain borer R. dominica 8.57 %.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nagat A. Abuelnnor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Investigation of fungi contaminating broiler feed in some poultry farms in Syria
Fungi contaminating poultry feed are considered a reason for the decrease in their nutritional value, and a major cause of diseases in poultry. Information about fungi contaminating poultry feed is not available locally. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate fungal contamination of both raw and manufactured feeds used on six different farms dedicated to raising poultry (broiler) in Tartous Governorate - Syria, during the period extending from October 2023 to January 2024; By growing samples of these feeds in the laboratory on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture, to determine the fungal genera present in those studied feeds. 290 fungal isolates were obtained (169 isolates from raw feed, 121 isolates from manufactured feed) belonging to five genera of filamentous fungi and yeasts, including Aspergillus spp. (36.2%), followed by Yeast spp. (33.8%), Penicillium spp. (4.8%), Mucor spp. (3.8%), and the fungus Trichoderma spp. (1%), and it was found that Aspergillus spp. Fungi were the most common (34.3%, 38.8%) in the raw and manufactured feeds, respectively. The study concluded that the detection of fungi contaminating poultry feed is of great importance, due to their health risks to poultry.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ammar M. Mostafa, Tawfek K. Dalla, Fahem A. Abdalaziz, Munzer S. Tamouz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Estimating some Genetic parameters of growth indicators & yield for Pure Lines of Chili pepper
This research was conducted at the Talhadia Research Station during the 2022 season to evaluate the performance of some local chili pepper lines in Aleppo Governorate & to investigate the heritability, genetic, & phenotypic variation of their productive traits. The goal was to utilize these findings in breeding programs & to preserve the local genetic resources. The study included 22 local chili pepper lines, focusing on phonological phases, such as the number of days from transplanting until 75% of the plants flowered, the time to fruit setting (node formation), & the time to the first harvest, in addition to the length of the harvesting period. Plant traits such as plant height, the number of main branches, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight, fruit wall thickness, & plant productivity were also evaluated. The experiment was carried out using a R& omized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed significant differences among the chili pepper lines in phonological stages & plant traits. Substantial variation was observed in plant height & the number of main branches among the lines. Genetic factors were found to have a greater influence than environmental factors on fruit characteristics & plant productivity. Heritability estimates ranged from 97% for fruit weight to 67% for fruit wall thickness & plant productivity. Cluster analysis grouped the studied lines into two main categories based on fruit & plant traits. The first category was further divided into two subgroups comprising nine strains, while the remaining strains were grouped into the second category. This research provides valuable insights for breeding programs & strategies aimed at improving chili pepper traits & preserving local varieties.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lama Alloun, Shaemae Samou, Lava Mustafa, ِAziza Mardikhy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessment of soil fertility using geographic information systems and fertility indicators: a case study for the Bani Walid area
This research presents an assessment of soil fertility by (GIS) and three main quality indices: The Nutrients index (NI), Soil Fertility Index (%), and soil quality (SQ) Soil samples were collected from the study area, GIS application and fertility indicators were found to contain the following: pH ranges from (7.00 to 7.50) is mildly/strongly alkaline the EC was characterized as non-saline- strong (range from 0.15 - 22.00) and moderately calcareous, calcareous soil (the CaCO3 range from 16.30% to 41.00%. ) The soil had a low soil OM content which did not exceed, 55.28%.the OM ranges from (0.33 % to 1.61%). CEC ranged from (4.35-12.70). ESP (%) ranged from (2.43 to 25.30). Soil most are non-sodic (96.96 %.), and the soil bulk density (BD) ranged from 1.13 to 1.56. Texture sandy loam >loam> loams sandy>clay loam, respectively. Nutrients cover about 50% very low .low 23%, low levels are 25%, acceptable levels are 23%, high values are 0.99% and medium 0.0061%, and very poor and poor levels are 1%.by quality indices for three zones: NI gives high for K, P and low for N, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn respectively. SF (%) is Excellent for K(C1) and Nonagricultural for P, N, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn (C6) respectively. (SQ): (S3), > (S2), > (S1). Respectively.
Copyright (c) 2024 abdulbaset E. salama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Fauna Checklists of Al-Abiar Zone (Zaza, Jeera and Takes) Cyrenaica province – Libya
The annotated checklist, meticulously crafted through a blend of extensive literature review, the author's keen observations, and the wisdom of local communities, unveils the 36 species representing 29 families. The checklist delves into their geographical distribution, mapping their footprints across the zone. This comprehensive picture allows us to understand the delicate dance between each species and its preferred habitat. However, anthropogenic pressure plays a critical role in shaping the distribution and population density of the zone's fauna. It serves as a potent reminder of the urgent need for conservation efforts. The checklist lays the groundwork for identifying and safeguarding crucial habitats and threatened species, ensuring that the symphony of life in this corner of the world continues to resonate for generations to come.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aqeelah B. Al-abdly, Abdulghani A. Abdulghani, Yacoub M. El-Barasi, Husayn A. Mohammed, Mohsen. Chammem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Examining the Influence of Respiratory Disorders on Some Hematobiochemical Parameters in Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar Libyan Sheep
The aim of this study was evaluate some the Changes in blood indicators and selected biochemical variables in the serum of infected sheep Respiratory diseases are indistinguishable in terms of cause. This study was carried out on 60 native sheep in Elgabal Alakhdar province in Libya; Divided into tow group (group1)- 20 clinically healthy sheep,second groups including 40 animals( Experimental group ) the animals showed symptoms of respiratory disease, including a higher than normal temperature, an increase in pulse and respiratory rate , and the presence of nasal discharge. The animals were aged more the six month and weighed from 35-60 kg.Two blood samples were collected: whole blood samples for hematological picture, while serum samples for biochemical analysis which included, glucose Total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Serum concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chloride. Significant changes between diseased animals and healthy animals were observed in values of hemogram and biochemical parameters including, WBCs ,RBCs ,HG and show significant change in biochemical parameter glucose,AST ,ALT ,Total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), and Serum concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K) and chloride.
Copyright (c) 2024 Salah Eldein S. Abrayk, Mohammd M. Abd ALati, Zaid Abubaker, Nagat A, Hammad, Almahdi M. Akraiem, Nura I. AL-Zail (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of a single dose of Doramectin on Hematological and Biochemical parameters in goats
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a single dose of doramectin a number of hematological and biochemical parameters in goats. Twenty goats were equally divided into two groups, each of 10 goats. The control group was kept without any medication. While the treated group received a single dose of doramectin at a dose level of 1 ml per 33kg of body weight subcutaneously after two and four weeks form the beginning of drug administration blood samples were collected via the jugular vein from the control and treated groups. The results demonstrated that red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin concentration (Hb %) and White blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in treated groups at weeks 2nd and 4th weeks as compared to the control group. While serum levels of albumin were significantly (p<0.05) increased in treated goats in comparison with the control at 2nd and 4th weeks of the experiment. However, there were non-significant changes in packed cell volume (PCV%), globulin and total protein levels in the treated group as compared with the control at all the experiment period. Thus, the therapeutic dose of doramectin can induce minor changes in some blood parameters in goats. packed cell volume (PCV%) was changed with non-significant at week 2 and week 4 in the treated group compression to the control group. White blood cell (WBC) counts decreased in all groups treated from the onset to the end change in both the time treated goats at 2 and 4 weeks compared with the control group. Thus, the therapeutic dose of doramectin can induce minor changes in some blood parameters in goats.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdel-Wahed Mashalla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Amoxicillin on the Germination and Early Growth Phase of Seedlings of Lentil and Chickpea Varieties
The study was conducted at the Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Damascus University during the 2023 season. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of various concentrations of amoxicillin (ranging from 0 to 1000 mg/L) on the germination and early growth phases of six lentil varieties (Idlib 1, Idlib 2, Idlib 3, Idlib 4, Idlib 5, Ebla 1) and two chickpea varieties (Ghab 3, Ghab 5). The experiment was set up using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates for each variety and treatment. The results revealed that amoxicillin did not affect seed germination, even at high concentrations. However, the length of the root, shoot, and total length decreased progressively as the applied concentration increased for all the studied varieties. Root length was the most sensitive trait. Varieties exhibited different responses, with the Idlib 4 lentil and Ghab 3 chickpea varieties demonstrating the highest tolerance to varying levels of amoxicillin. These varieties experienced the lowest percentage decrease in root and total length and the highest absolute length compared with the other varieties studied.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Esraa Samir AL-Boush (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Libyan local pigeon: Preliminary description of meat characteristics
Pigeon is one of the potential alternative poultry species for meat production. Meat characteristics of Libyan local pigeon have not been previously described. The current study aimed to describe the characteristics and chemical composition of Libyan local squab carcasses. The study was conducted on six chicks of Libyan local squab (28 – 40 days old). The birds were deprived of food and water for 12h and weighed (live body weight). The birds were slaughtered and scalded in hot water (85Cº) immediately after bleeding and carcasses were eviscerated and weighed. The mean live body weight and eviscerated carcass weight of birds were 283.38 and 207.81g, respectively. The dressing percentage of squabs was 73.36%; the breast and leg (thigh + drumstick) represent the highest cuts: 34.91% and 5.82% of carcass weight, respectively. Meat to bone ratio in breast, thigh, wing and back cuts was 10.55, 5.49, 3.12 and 3.16, respectively. Squab meat content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash were 67.01, 21.72, 8.78 and 1.19 %, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the present study, Libyan local pigeon meat can be considered as one of the potential alternative poultry meat in the local meat market.
Copyright (c) 2023 Fowad AKRAIM, ABDALRASOL SOULTAN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The causes of Clinical and Subclinical Pathogenic Mastitis and anti-bacterial Resistance in Milk of Dairy Cows in and around Shahat, Libya
Overall, 200 milk samples were collected from January 2018 to March 2020, which led to the isolation of 126 pathogen agents (63%). Escherichia coli 46 (36.5%), Streptococcus pyogens 31 (24. 6%), and staphylococcus aureus 19 (15 %) were specified as the larger causative agents of clinical mastitis. While Streptococcus dysgalactiae 21 (16.7%) were mostly implicated in subclinical mastitis. With that, in both types of mastitis, also about 4 (3.2) % positive cases were caused by other bacterial agents that were identified at a low frequency (<4%) and cannot be considered as important pathogens like ( Klebsiella spp) or non-contagious like (Corynebacterium spp.). The antimicrobial resistance was moderate in the total proportion; exclude penicillin in staphylococci, and tetracycline in streptococci, Which are used as antimicrobial drug for humans’ treatment in Libya. In addition to collection the date information about mastitis issue in Libya.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ahmad Altalhy, Hamzah Othman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0